Heterosis of endophytic microbiomes in hybrid rice varieties improves seed germination.

Seed endophytic microbiomes are shaped by host and environmental factors and play a crucial role in their host growth and health. Studies have demonstrated that host genotype, including hybridization, affects seed microbiomes. Heterosis features are also observed in root-associated microbiomes.

Analysis of influencing factors of early neurological improvement after intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis in acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke.

Background And Objective: It has been widely reported that Early neurological improvement (ENI) after rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis contributes to a good long-term prognosis in patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, which clinical factors influence after intravenous administration of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV-rt PA) in AIS patients ENI is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of influencing factors on the benefit of ENI after intravenous thrombolysis neurological improvement after IV-rt PA.

Nitrogen fertilization modulates rice seed endophytic microbiomes and grain quality.

The intensive use of chemical fertilizer, particularly nitrogen (N) has resulted in not only markedly increased crop yields but also detrimental effects on ecosystems. Plant microbiomes represent an eco-friendly alternative for plant nutrition and productivity, and the effect of N fertilization on plant and soil microbes has been well studied. However, if and how N fertilization modulates seed endophytic microbiomes and grain quality remains largely unknown.

Transcriptome analysis of flowering regulation by sowing date in Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Hybrid japonica cultivars, such as the Yongyou series, have shown high yield potential in the field in both the early and late growing seasons. Moreover, understanding the responses of rice flowering dates to temperature and light is critical for improving yield performance. However, few studies have analyzed flowering genes in high-yielding japonica cultivars.

Regulatory mechanisms of nitrogen (N) on cadmium (Cd) uptake and accumulation in plants: A review.

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is toxic to plants and animals. Nitrogen (N), the most significant macro-nutrient and a common input for crop production, is often excessively applied than plants' demands by farmers to obtain more economic benefits. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of N that control Cd uptake, translocation, and accumulation may enable the development of solutions regarding Cd pollution in the trophic chain, a major and global threat to agricultural sustainability and human health.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Total Phenolics from L. Blossoms and Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging, Anti-HMG-CoA Reductase Activities.

The objective of this study was to develop an ultrasonic-assisted procedure for the extraction of total phenolics from L blossoms (CAB) and evaluate the free radical scavenging activity and anti-HMG-CoA reductase activity of the total phenolics. In this work, a Box- Behnken design based on single-factor experiments was used to explore the optimum extraction process. Under the optimum conditions (extraction solvent 70.

Salicylic acid reverses pollen abortion of rice caused by heat stress.

Background: Extremely high temperatures are becoming an increasingly severe threat to crop yields. It is well documented that salicylic acid (SA) can enhance the stress tolerance of plants; however, its effect on the reproductive organs of rice plants has not been described before. To investigate the mechanism underlying the SA-mediated alleviation of the heat stress damage to rice pollen viability, a susceptible cultivar (Changyou1) was treated with SA at the pollen mother cell (PMC) meiosis stage and then subjected to heat stress of 40 °C for 10 d until 1d before flowering.

Dihydrochalcones and Diterpenoids from Pteris ensiformis and Their Bioactivities.

Two new dihydrochalcone enantiomers (+)- and (-)-, along with eight known compounds -, were obtained from . The planar structures were determined on the basis of extensive 1D and 2DNMR and HRESIMS. The resolution of (+)- and (-)- was achieved by chiral HPLC analysis.

Non-photochemical Quenching Plays a Key Role in Light Acclimation of Rice Plants Differing in Leaf Color.

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is an important photoprotective mechanism in rice; however, little is known regarding its role in the photosynthetic response of rice plants with differing in leaf color to different irradiances. In this study, two rice genotypes containing different chlorophyll contents, namely Zhefu802 (high chlorophyll) and Chl-8 (low chlorophyll), were subjected to moderate or high levels of light intensity at the 6-leaf stage. Chl-8 possessed a lower chlorophyll content and higher chlorophyll a:b ratio compared with Zhefu802, while Pn, F/F, and Φ contents were higher in Chl-8.

Heat Stress Is More Damaging to Superior Spikelets than Inferiors of Rice ( L.) due to Their Different Organ Temperatures.

In general, the fertility and kernel weight of inferior spikelets of rice ( L.) are obviously lower than those of superior spikelets, especially under abiotic stress. However, different responses to heat stress are seemed to show between the superior and inferior spikelet, and this response is scarcely documented that the intrinsic factors remain elusive.

Optimizing hill seeding density for high-yielding hybrid rice in a single rice cropping system in South China.

Mechanical hill direct seeding of hybrid rice could be the way to solve the problems of high seeding rates and uneven plant establishment now faced in direct seeded rice; however, it is not clear what the optimum hill seeding density should be for high-yielding hybrid rice in the single-season rice production system. Experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to determine the effects of hill seeding density (25 cm×15 cm, 25 cm×17 cm, 25 cm×19 cm, 25 cm×21 cm, and 25 cm×23 cm; three to five seeds per hill) on plant growth and grain yield of a hybrid variety, Nei2you6, in two fields with different fertility (soil fertility 1 and 2). In addition, in 2012 and 2013, comparisons among mechanical hill seeding, broadcasting, and transplanting were conducted with three hybrid varieties to evaluate the optimum seeding density.

Responses of super rice (Oryza sativa L.) to different planting methods for grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency in the single cropping season.

To break the yield ceiling of rice production, a super rice project was developed in 1996 to breed rice varieties with super high yield. A two-year experiment was conducted to evaluate yield and nitrogen (N)-use response of super rice to different planting methods in the single cropping season. A total of 17 rice varieties, including 13 super rice and four non-super checks (CK), were grown under three N levels [0 (N0), 150 (N150), and 225 (N225) kg ha-1] and two planting methods [transplanting (TP) and direct-seeding in wet conditions (WDS)].

The chamber for studying rice response to elevated nighttime temperature in field.

An in situ temperature-controlled field chamber was developed for studying a large population of rice plant under different nighttime temperature treatments while maintaining conditions similar to those in the field during daytime. The system consists of a pipe hoop shed-type chamber with manually removable covers manipulated to provide a natural environment at daytime and a relatively stable and accurate temperature at night. Average air temperatures of 22.

Response of rice nitrogen physiology to high nighttime temperature during vegetative stage.

The effects of night temperature on plant morphology and nitrogen accumulation were examined in rice (Oryza sativa L.) during vegetative growth. The results showed that the shoot biomass of the plants was greater at 27°C (high nighttime temperature, HNT) than at 22°C (CK).

Effect of long-term paddy-upland yearly rotations on rice (Oryza sativa) yield, soil properties, and bacteria community diversity.

A 10-year-long field trial (between 2001 and 2010) was conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation on rice yield, soil properties, and bacteria community diversity. Six types of paddy-upland crop rotations were evaluated: rice-fallow (control; CK), rice-rye grass (RR), rice-potato with rice straw mulches (RP), rice-rapeseed with straw incorporated into soil at flowering (ROF), rice-rapeseed incorporated in soil after harvest (ROM), and rice-Chinese milk vetch (RC). Analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to determine microbial diversity among rotations.

Using iron fertilizer to control Cd accumulation in rice plants: a new promising technology.

Effects of two kinds of iron fertilizer, FeSO4 and EDTA.Na2Fe were studied on cadmium accumulation in rice plants with two rice genotypes, Zhongzao 22 and Zhongjiazao 02, with soil culture systems. The results showed that application of iron fertilizers could hardly make adverse effects on plant growth and rice grain yield.

Phylogenetic relationships of Carpha and its relatives (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae) inferred from chloroplast trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequences.

Within the tribe Schoeneae (Cyperaceae), the relationships between Carpha and its relatives have not been certain, and the limits and definition of Carpha have been controversial. Further, the relationships of species within Carpha have been unclear. In this study, cladistic analyses based on chloroplast trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequence data were undertaken to estimate phylogenetic relationships in and around Carpha.

Sympodial structure of spikelets in the tribe Schoeneae (Cyperaceae).

Spikelet morphology of 250 specimens of 47 species of Schoeneae was examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We confirmed that spikelet structure in Schoeneae is cymose with a sympodial "rachilla." Monopodial spikelets, as described by most current literature, were not found in Schoeneae.