Photodriven PtPdCo-TiO heterostructure modified with hyaluronic acid and folic acid enhances antioxidative stress through efficient hydrogen/oxygen delivery and thermal effects in rheumatoid arthritis therapy.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis and progressive joint damage, primarily caused by oxidative injury from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypoxia in immune cells. Hydrogen (H2) has demonstrated potential in scavenging excess ROS and correcting redox imbalances, while oxygen supplementation can alleviate hypoxia, promoting inflammatory remission. This study introduces a novel FA-HA-PtPdCo-TiO (F-HPPCT) nano-system for targeted RA therapy.

snRNA-Seq and Spatial Transcriptome Reveal Cell-Cell Crosstalk Mediated Metabolic Regulation in Porcine Skeletal Muscle.

Background: Cell-cell crosstalk between myogenic, adipogenic and immune cells in skeletal muscle to regulate energy metabolism and lipid deposition has received considerable attention. The specific mechanisms of interaction between the different cells in skeletal muscle are still unclear.

Methods: Using integrated analysis of snRNA-seq and spatial transcriptome, the gene expression profile of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle was compared between adult Taoyuan black (TB, obese, native Chinese breed) and Duroc (lean) pigs.

Adrenomedullin Inhibits the Efficacy of Combined Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Biliary Tract Cancer by Disrupting Endothelial Cell Functions.

The global incidence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) is on the rise, presenting a substantial healthcare challenge. The integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with molecularly targeted therapies is emerging as a strategy to enhance immune responses. However, the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of these treatments in BTC are still largely unexplored.

Size-dependent interactions between calciprotein particles and vascular endothelium.

The underlying mechanisms governing the interactions between nanoparticles and vascular endothelial barrier remain largely unexplored, which is crucial for the optimal design of nanoparticles for clinical applications. In this study, the size-dependent interactions between calciprotein particles (CPPs) and endothelial cells (ECs) were investigated using a rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. Two primary types of CPP1 were studied: small-sized CPP1 (S-CPP1, <50 nm) and larger CPP1 (L-CPP1, <100 nm), detected three and five weeks post-surgery, respectively.

Motor protein KIF5B inhibition as a novel strategy of controlled reperfusion against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Metabolic dysregulation triggered by nutrient influx at reperfusion onset induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and cellular injury, contributing to the detrimental effects observed in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Thus, implementing controlled reperfusion emerges as a superior cardioprotective strategy to alleviate reperfusion injury. Kinesin KIF5B transports GLUT4- and CD36-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane, facilizing the import of glucose and fatty acids into cells, suggesting a role in controlled reperfusion.

Study on synergistic change strategies of leaf functional traits of common garden plants along the urban-rural gradient-Suzhou, China.

The study of changes in landscape plant responses along the urban-rural gradient can better inform plant allocation strategies to mitigate the ecological risks associated with rapid urban development. This study focused on the trait changes of 10 common garden plants along the urban-rural gradient in Suzhou, selecting 12 leaf functional traits for the investigation to provide a quantitative basis for decision-making and landscape plant management practices. The results showed that: (1) six leaf functional traits, including specific leaf area (SLA), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), leaf nitrogen content per unit of mass (N), leaf potassium content per unit of mass (K), and stomatal size (SS), differed significantly along the urban-rural gradient; (2) the variability and variance characteristics of leaf functional traits varied along the urban-rural gradient among different plants and growth forms; (3) the synergistic changes in leaf functional traits of different garden plants, driven by the urban-rural, differed, which can be further explored to understand plant adaptive strategies in various environments and guide garden plant selection.

Molecular basis of β-arrestin coupling to the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu3.

β-Arrestins (βarrs) mediate the desensitization and internalization of activated G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The molecular mechanism by which dimeric family C GPCR members recruit arrestins remains elusive. Here we report two structures of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 3 (mGlu3) coupled to βarr1, with stoichiometries of 2:1 and 2:2.

Efficient Implementation of the Random Phase Approximation with Domain-Based Local Pair Natural Orbitals.

We present an efficient implementation of the direct random phase approximation (RPA) for molecular systems within the domain-based local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) framework. With recommended loose, normal, and tight parameter settings, DLPNO-RPA achieves approximately 99.7-99.

Reducing Luminal Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate Levels Alleviates Food Allergy Induced by an Egg White Diet in Mice.

The development of food allergies is typically associated with extensive intestinal inflammation. As a key inflammatory signaling molecule, the precise roles of extracellular adenosine triphosphate in food allergies require further elucidation. Our previous research reported that continuous food allergen exposure led to increased accumulation of luminal extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP).

STMN1 regulates the stemness of gastric cancer cells by binding to HN1L to activate the STAT3 signaling pathway.

Background: STMN1 is highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and the aim of this study was to investigate the role of STMN1 in GC cell stemness.

Methods: Analysis of the expression and correlation of STMN1 and its target genes in GC through bioinformatics. Construction of interference plasmids for STMN1 and transfection into GC cells.

Pursuing Heat-resistant and Insensitive Energetic Materials by Constructing Imino Bridged Conjugated Planar Structures.

Developing insensitive heat-resistant energetic materials is currently a significant challenge in the research of energetic materials. In this study, two heat-resistant energetic materials (compounds 3 and 4) were designed and prepared by incorporating imino bridged (-NH-) the fused ring of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine. All the newly synthesized compounds exhibit excellent thermal stabilities (Td: 316.

Ab initio quantum many-body description of superconducting trends in the cuprates.

Using a systematic ab initio quantum many-body approach that goes beyond low-energy models, we directly compute the superconducting pairing order and estimate the pairing gap of several doped cuprate materials and structures within a purely electronic picture. We find that we can correctly capture two well-known trends: the pressure effect, where the pairing order and gap increase with intra-layer pressure, and the layer effect, where the pairing order and gap vary with the number of copper-oxygen layers. From these calculations, we observe that the strength of superexchange and the covalency at optimal doping are the best descriptors for these trends.

Liver-specific inactivation of Cideb improves metabolic profiles and ameliorates steatohepatitis and fibrosis in animal models for MASH.

Germline mutations of CIDEB, a lipid droplets (LDs)-associated protein, confer protection against various liver diseases in humans. It remains to be determined whether liver-specific inhibition of CIDEB will bring clinical benefits. We aim to establish pharmacological proof of concept by testing GalNAc-conjugated Cideb surrogate siRNAs in respective animal models of obesity and MASH and to develop siRNA drug candidates for clinical investigations.

Non-monotonic Information and Shape Evolution of Polymers Enabled by Spatially Programmed Crystallization and Melting.

Stimuli-responsive polymer materials are a kind of intelligent material which can sense and respond to external stimuli. However, most current stimuli-responsive polymers only exhibit a monotonic response to a single constant stimulus but cannot achieve dynamic evolution. Herein, we report a method to achieve a non-monotonic response under a single stimulus by regionalizing the crystallization and melting kinetics in semicrystalline polymers.

Optimizing the discovery bioanalysis strategy for macrocyclic peptides.

Macrocyclic peptides (MCPs) have remained a compelling modality in drug discovery and development, with many successful marketed drugs. Their unique molecular structure and ADME properties have posed bioanalytical challenges that cannot be fully addressed with conventional small molecule LC-MRM assays. In this work, we developed and optimized a high-throughput discovery bioanalytical strategy for MCPs with 16 marketed MCP drugs.

Dual Regulation of Anion Vacancy-Modified MoSSe Nanosheets in Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres for High-Performance Sodium Storage.

Owing to their layered structure and higher theoretical specific capacity, MoS-based materials have evoked tremendous attention for sodium storage. However, their sluggish ionic transport dynamics and unavoidable volume variation always lead to an unsatisfactory electrochemical performance, thereby hindering their further development. Herein, the Se-doped MoS nanosheets confined in hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MoSSe@C) were successfully prepared via a synergistic strategy combining defect design and structure optimization.

Appropriate amount of modified corn flour improves the structural and physicochemical properties of wheat dough.

This study investigated effects of superfine grinding modified corn flour (SG-CF) and hot blanching modified corn flour (HB-CF) on properties of wheat flour and dough to improve the suitability of corn flour in flour products. Results indicated that the addition of SG-CF or HB-CF reduced the moisture and protein content of the mixed flour, and increased the dietary fiber content and free water proportion. Compared with SG-CF, HB-CF was more helpful enhancing the thermal stability and anti-aging properties of the mixed flour.

Characterization of Key Aroma Compounds of by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis, Quantitative Measurements, Aroma Recombination, and Omission Studies.

is a flavored liquor with a unique flavor blended with Baijiu (Fenjiu) and botanical extracts. The aroma characteristics of were investigated using a sensomics approach. Ninety-three odorants, among them 64 odorants with flavor dilution (FD) ≥ 32, were confirmed in by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O) analysis.

Enhanced On-State Current and Stability in Heterojunction ITO/ZnO Transistors: A Mechanistic Analysis.

The growing demand for high-performance oxide transistors in advanced integrated circuits (ICs) underscores the need for innovative device structures, with heterojunctions emerging as a promising approach. This study presents high-performance ITO/ZnO transistors, which outperform individual ITO or ZnO transistors by achieving an on-state current of 19.2 μA/μm at a drain voltage of 1 V and exhibiting a minimal threshold voltage shift of -0.

DYNC2H1 mutation as a potential predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in NSCLC and melanoma.

Dynein cytoplasmic 2 heavy chain 1 (DYNC2H1) is reported to play a potential role in cancer immunotherapy. However, the association between DYNC2H1 mutation and the clinical benefit of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma remains to be elucidated. We collected data from three public immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-treated NSCLC cohorts (n = 137 in total) and seven ICI-treated melanoma cohorts (n = 418 in total) to explore the potential of DYNC2H1 mutation as a predictive biomarker.

Development and Characterization of a Hydrogel Containing Chloramphenicol-Loaded Binary Ethosomes for Effective Transdermal Permeation and Treatment Acne in Rat Model.

Purpose: Acne is a serious disfiguring follicular sebaceous gland disorder that negatively affects patients' quality of life and self-image. Chloramphenicol (CAM) is effective against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus which cause acne, often used as a hospital preparation for acne treatment. However, because of its toxicity and poor water solubility, its use has been restricted.

In-depth insight into the effects of oxygen vacancies on the excellent Li-storage performances of CuNbO/N-doped carbon composite.

Wadsley-Roth phase niobates demonstrate significant Li-storage advantages. Even though their Nb can fully transform into Nb during lithiation process, however, only partial Nb can further convert to Nb, leading to much lower practical capacities than the theoretical values according to the two-electron transfer per Nb. The specific mechanism to improve their conversion ratio of Nb to Nb during lithiation process has rarely been reported so far.

Screening Human IgE Epitopes on α-Lactalbumin and Developing Specific Detection Tools for Enhanced Allergen Detection in Food Matrices.

Food proteins undergo significant structural changes during various processing methods; however, key epitopes often exhibit resistance to damage and modification. Recently, we developed a sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Epi-mAbs-sELISA) based on IgE linear epitope peptides. This method enables the quantitative detection of alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) for the assessment of food allergenicity.

Comparison of methods for the preparation of single-cell suspensions of rat retina and immunophenotyping by flow cytometry.

Background: Although the eye has traditionally been considered an immune-privileged organ, progressive studies have re-evaluated the role of the immune response in retinopathy. The application of flow cytometry for immunophenotyping analysis of retinal single-cell suspensions has gradually attracted attention.

New Methods: We dissociated the retinal tissue using trypsin digestion, papain digestion, mechanical grinding treatment and liberase + DNase Ⅰ digestion, respectively.