The characterization of fucoidan‑sodium caseinate electrostatic complexes with application for pH-triggered release: Microstructure and digestive behavior.

This study was aimed at enhancing the stability of the medium internal phase emulsion by modulating the electrostatic interaction between fucoidan (FUC) and sodium caseinate (NaCS). Firstly, the macro and microstructure of FUC-NaCS electrostatic complexes with the mass ratio of ranged from 0.01: 2 to 4: 2 were examined at pH 3.

LmCHS1 mediates pro-nymphal cuticle formation in Locusta migratoria embryogenesis.

The pro-nymphal cuticle, serving as a protective structure that facilitates environmental adaptation, is critical for insect embryonic development. However, the mechanisms governing its formation remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the important role of chitin synthase (LmCHS1) in the formation of the pro-nymphal cuticle during embryonic development in Locusta migratoria.

Molecular structure and mechanism of protein MSMB, TPPP3, SPI1: Construction of novel 4 pancreatic cancer-related protein signatures model based on machine learning.

The high mortality rate of pancreatic cancer is closely related to its inconspicuous early symptoms and difficult diagnosis. In recent years, with the rapid development of proteomics and bioinformatics, the use of machine learning technology to analyze protein characteristics provides a new idea for the early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. The main purpose of this study is to deeply analyze the molecular mechanism and action mechanism of MSMB, TPPP3 and SPI1, which are closely related to pancreatic cancer, by constructing a feature model based on machine learning.

Atypical sulfur-containing physalin from Physalis minima and protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Four previously undescribed physalins (1-4), along with six known ones (5-10) were isolated and identified from the whole plants of Physalis minima L., a medicinal and edible plant traditionally used in southwest China. Their structures were established through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Modulating d-orbital electronic configuration of magnetic iron sulfide nanocrystals for maximized treatment efficiency of chromium-contaminated water.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is one of the most rigorously regulated contaminants frequently detected in surface and groundwater. Magnetic iron sulfides are naturally abundant, environmentally friendly materials ideal for the removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated water, but the high-spin states of Fe(III) ions limits their adsorption affinity. Herein, we develop a heteroatom-doping approach to boost the Cr(VI) removal efficacy of greigite.

Bakuchiol mitigates colitis through GPR120 activation.

Background: Sishen Wan (SSW) is a traditional herbal formula widely used in China to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, effective compound(s) and the mechanism(s) of action remain mostly unelucidated.

Purpose: A demonstration study was carried out to identify the main components of SSW, investigate its effects, and explore the target mechanism in the treatment of IBD.

Artificial Bone Materials for Infected Bone Defects: Advances in Antimicrobial Functions.

Infected bone defects, caused by bacterial contamination following disease or injury, result in the partial loss or destruction of bone tissue. Traditional bone transplantation and other clinical approaches often fail to address the therapeutic complexities of these conditions effectively. In recent years, advanced biomaterials have attracted significant attention for their potential to enhance treatment outcomes.

Precision analysis of ToF LiDAR in atmospheric turbulence channels.

This paper derives and verifies the ranging precision of time-of-flight (ToF) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) in atmospheric turbulence channels. Double-passage atmospheric turbulence channels satisfying the Gamma-Gamma distribution are simulated in the laboratory using a random phase screen, and the derived Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for LiDAR ranging in Gamma-Gamma channels are verified by the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and experiment. The CRLBs demonstrate that the precision values at Rytov variances of 0.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ultralight Syndiotactic Polystyrene Aerogels Prepared by Freeze-Drying.

We have developed a strategy to synthesize high-quality ultralight (<10 mg/cm) syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) aerogels. The ultralight sPS aerogels with the same shape as gels were prepared via direct freeze-drying of -xylene-based sPS gels without cumbersome solvent exchange steps. Due to the high melting point of -xylene (13 °C), it can be solidified during the freeze-drying process, and no solvent exchanges were required to suppress the collapse during the formation of sPS aerogels, unlike in typical sPS aerogel preparation.

A child who suffered from HSV encephalitis and AE with positive anti-MOG results: a case report.

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations of a pediatric case involving herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis concurrent with autoimmune encephalitis (AE), which is characterized by a positive anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody status.

Results: A 12-year-old girl initially presented with symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis, including weakness and poor appetite, followed by headache, dizziness, and personality changes, which are indicative of disease progression. Cerebrospinal fluid routine biochemical tests demonstrated abnormal results.

Deep Learning Radiopathomics Models Based on Contrast-enhanced MRI and Pathologic Imaging for Predicting Vessels Encapsulating Tumor Clusters and Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose To develop deep learning (DL) radiopathomics models based on contrast-enhanced MRI and pathologic imaging to predict vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods In this retrospective, multicenter study, 578 patients with HCC (mean age [±SD], 59 years ± 10; 442 male, 136 female) were divided into the training ( = 317), internal ( = 137), and external ( = 124) test sets. DL radiomics and pathomics models were developed to predict VETC using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR and pathologic images.

HLA-DQB1*03:01 and risk of Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background Aims: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus is implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. We investigated associations of HLA variants, amino acid polymorphisms, zygosity, and evolutionary divergence (HED) with HBV-related HCC in Han Chinese and explored biological mechanisms.

Approach Results: We examined the associations of HLA variants (imputed 4-digit classical alleles and amino acid polymorphisms), zygosity, and HED with HBV-related HCC in a discovery set (706 HBV-related HCC cases, 6,197 chronic HBV carriers in Taiwan).

Maximum a posteriori underwater acoustic source localization based on time differences of arrival accounting for refraction.

Traditional underwater acoustic source localization methods based on time differences of arrival (TDOA) in the presence of refraction first estimate the source depth and range to each hydrophone and then estimate the horizontal location of the source. The accuracy of these methods is compromised by errors in range estimation. To address this, we propose a three-dimensional source localization method that utilizes TDOA measurements between direct and surface-reflected arrivals at N(N ≥3) hydrophones, taking into account refraction effects.

A near-infrared emitting covalent organic framework with AIE characteristics for light-emitting diodes.

By incorporating methyl groups to introduce steric hindrance and utilizing hydroxyl groups to establish intramolecular hydrogen bonds, we synthesized a covalent organic framework (COF) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior and near-infrared (NIR) luminescence ( = 657 nm). The integration of the innovative COF with LED chips enabled the fabrication of high-quality red and white organic phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This work provides a new way to explore COFs to construct low-cost, high-performance, and eco-friendly LED devices.

Spatial transcriptome and single-cell RNA sequencing reveal the molecular basis of cotton fiber initiation development.

Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics have greatly expanded our knowledge of plant development and cellular responses. However, analyzing fiber cell differentiation in plants, particularly in cotton, remains a complex challenge. A spatial transcriptomic map of ovule from -1 DPA, 0 DPA, and 1 DPA in cotton was successfully constructed, which helps to explain the important role of sucrose synthesis and lipid metabolism during early fiber development.

Characterization and Identification of the Chemical Constituents and the Metabolites of Geum japonicum Thunb. var. chinense F. Bolle.

Introduction: Geum japonicum Thunb. var. chinense F.

The impact of physical activity on inhibitory control of adult ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: We aimed to Investigate physical activity's effects on inhibitory control in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).The benefits of physical activity on the inhibitory control of adult ADHD were explored in the hope of providing some suggestions for approaches to treating adult ADHD.

Methods: We searched the databases PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of the effect of physical activity on inhibitory control in adults with ADHD, using PRISMA guidelines.

Platelet-rich fibrin promotes mesothelial cell proliferation and peritoneal repair by up-regulating calretinin to prevent postoperative intestinal adhesion.

As the most common postoperative complication, intestinal adhesions can cause intestinal obstruction, female infertility, and even endanger life. The currently developed materials for preventing intestinal adhesions mainly focus on physical barriers and reducing inflammatory reactions, while neglecting the importance of effectively promoting rapid repair of the peritoneum. We previously found that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) can prevent postoperative intestinal adhesions.

Artificial intelligence assisted identification of newborn auricular deformities via smartphone application.

Background: Auricular deformities are common in newborns and require early diagnosis and timely intervention. Several factors highlight the necessity of a machine learning-based diagnostic solution: the high prevalence of these conditions, the narrow time window for effective non-surgical treatment, limited medical resources, and the importance of both physical and mental well-being. This study presents a novel artificial intelligence (AI) model to identify and classify common sub-types of auricle deformities, using photos taken with mobile devices.

Regulation of Stomatal Responses to Pathogen and Drought Stress by the F-Box Protein AtSKIP5.

E3 ubiquitin ligases are major components of the ubiquitination cascade and contribute to the stomatal responses to pathogen and drought stress in plants. The F-box SKP1-Interacting Partners (AtSKIPs) proteins are members of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes; however, whether they have any involvement in stomatal movement remains unclear. Here, based on tissue expression profiling, we found that the AtSKIP5 protein was highly expressed in guard cells.

A survey of emergency medicine physicians' knowledge, attitude, and practice towards esophagogastric variceal bleeding.

Background: Esophageal-gastric variceal bleeding (EVB) is one of the leading causes of mortality in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension. Rapid, accurate, and effective emergency care is crucial for successful patient outcomes.

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Chinese emergency physicians regarding EVB, with the goal of improving the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding in emergency settings.

Spatially dependent Raman gain by vortex beam in a four-level N-typed atomic system.

An efficient scheme for controlling the spatial Raman gain is proposed in a cold atomic ensemble with a four-level N-typed configuration. The cold atoms are driven by the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) vortex beams. Considering the control and driving fields are vortex beams and using experimentally achievable parameters, we identify the condition under which the topological charges (TCs) allows us to manipulate the radial distribution of the Raman gain spectra.

Feature refinement and rethinking attention for remote sensing image captioning.

Effectively recognizing different regions of interest with attention mechanisms plays an important role in remote sensing image captioning task. However, these attention-driven models implicitly hypothesize that the focused region information is correct, which is too restrictive. Furthermore, the visual feature extractors will fail when facing weak correlation between objects.

Daidzein alleviates skin fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β1 signaling pathway via targeting PKM2.

Skin fibrosis including keloids, which are characterized including excessive deposition, abnormal proliferation, aggressiveness, and migration of the extracellular matrix of dermal fibroblasts. TGF-β signaling is a classical pro-fibrotic pathway, and it plays a crucial part in the occurrence and progression of skin fibrosis. Daidzein (Dai), an isoflavone compound, has been proved to possess anti-fibrosis effect by TGF-β signaling in various inflammatory and fibrotic diseases.