Dimeric guaianolide sesquiterpenoids from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum ameliorate hepatic steatosis through mitigating SIRT1-mediated lipid accumulation and ferroptosis.

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) acts as the primary contributor to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma. The flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, a traditional edible medicinal herb, have been widely used in China for more than 2000 years. However, the function of C.

Hotspots of genetic change in Yersinia pestis.

The relative contributions of mutation rate variation, selection, and recombination in shaping genomic variation in bacterial populations remain poorly understood. Here we analyze 3318 Yersinia pestis genomes, spanning nearly a century and including 2336 newly sequenced strains, to shed light on the patterns of genetic diversity and variation distribution at the population level. We identify 45 genomic regions ("hot regions", HRs) that, although comprising a minor fraction of the genome, are hotbeds of genetic variation.

First Report of Causing Anthracnose on in China.

Vicia amoena is renowned for its high protein content and nutritional value, making it significant in animal production and traditional Chinese medicine production. In July 2023, typical anthracnose symptoms were observed on V. amoena leaves in Suihua City (125°82'E, 46°22'N), Heilongjiang Province, China, affecting approximately 40% of the plants (a total of 200 plants were surveyed).

Targeting host integrated stress response: lead discovery of flavonoid compounds active against coronaviruses PEDV and PDCoV.

Viral infections trigger the integrated stress response (ISR) in eukaryotic cells that leads to the activation of eIF2α kinases, the elevation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation, and thereby the shutdown of global protein synthesis that viruses rely on to replicate. Coronaviruses and other viruses have evolved various subversion mechanisms to counteract the antiviral ISR. These intricate host-virus interactions may be exploited by pharmacologically activating the host ISR for the development of host-directed antivirals (HDAs), an increasingly relevant area of research.

Identification of VDAC1 as a cardioprotective target of Ginkgolide B.

Ginkgolide B (GB), a compound derived from Ginkgo biloba, exhibits significant cardioprotective properties, although its precise molecular target has yet to be identified. In this study, we synthesized a biotin-labeled GB probe (GB-biotin) to identify the molecular targets of GB. Our experiments demonstrated that treatment with GB or GB-biotin reduced mitochondrial injury, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.

Preparation of Rare Dehydrated Protopanaxadiol Ginsenosides from Leaves by Confined Microwave-Driven Transformation.

Rare dehydrated ginsenosides barely exist in natural ginseng plants. Herein, the confined microwave technique was utilized to transform the main ginsenosides of leaves (PNL) into dehydrated ginsenosides. The main microwave-treated products of dried PNL are dehydrated ginsenoside Rk1, Rg5, notoginsenoside SFt3, and SFt4.

Evaluation of the sedative-hypnotic effects of Menyanthes trifoliata L. extract in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Insomnia is a pervasive and prominent problem worldwide, afflicting approximately one-third of the population and profoundly affecting patients' quality of life. Efficient and safe sedative-hypnotic medications are required. Menyanthes trifoliata L.

Anthropogenic activities significantly interfered distribution and co-occurrence patterns of antibiotic resistance genes in a small rural watershed in Southwest China.

The prevalence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been a significant concern for global public health in recent years. Small rural watersheds are the smallest units of factor mobility for agricultural production in China, and their ARG profiles are the best scale of the contamination status, but the mapping and the distribution and diffusion of ARGs in the water and soil of small rural watersheds are inadequate. In this study, based on microbial metagenomics, we invested prevalence maps of 209 ARGs corresponding to typical commonly used antibiotics (including multidrug, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB), and β-Lactamase) in water and soil in different agricultural types, as well as within water-soil interfaces in small rural watersheds in Southwest China.

From reduction to rebalancing: Insights into the long-term effects of sediment dredging on nitrogen transformations in river ecosystems.

Although sediment dredging is a widely employed water management and restoration technique for the removal of internal nitrogen (N), the long-term effects of dredging on N transformation in dredged rivers remain largely undetermined. In this study, we investigated the effects of dredging on N transformation processes spanning three years at ten sites in the purple-soil watershed within the middle reaches of the Fu River Basin. We combined isotopic and molecular techniques to provide novel insights into the interactions associated with microbial utilization capacities between sediment and river water before, during, and after dredging.

Encoding and display technologies for combinatorial libraries in drug discovery: The coming of age from biology to therapy.

Drug discovery is a sophisticated process that incorporates scientific innovations and cutting-edge technologies. Compared to traditional bioactivity-based screening methods, encoding and display technologies for combinatorial libraries have recently advanced from proof-of-principle experiments to promising tools for pharmaceutical hit discovery due to their high screening efficiency, throughput, and resource minimization. This review systematically summarizes the development history, typology, and prospective applications of encoding and displayed technologies, including phage display, ribosomal display, mRNA display, yeast cell display, one-bead one-compound, DNA-encoded, peptide nucleic acid-encoded, and new peptide-encoded technologies, and examples of preclinical and clinical translation.

Nonanatomical reduction of femoral neck fractures in young patients with different Pauwels classifications: a retrospective study and finite element analysis.

Background: Previous studies have reported that positive buttress is as effective as anatomical reduction in treating young femoral neck fractures, but whether this effect is related to the Pauwels classification remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical prognosis of positive buttress in young femoral neck fractures with different Pauwels classifications, as well as to assess its biomechanical properties.

Methods: A total of 170 young patients with femoral neck fractures who were treated with three cannulated screws were included in this study.

Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from the pericarps of Garcinia multiflora champ. ex Benth. with cytotoxic property.

The phytochemical investigation on the pericarps of Garcinia multiflora resulted in the isolation of 12 previously undescribed polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs, 1-12) with a variety of skeletons. Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, ECD calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 6-9 possess a rare bicyclo[4.

OGG1: An emerging multifunctional therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative DNA damage.

Oxidative DNA damage-related diseases, such as incurable inflammation, malignant tumors, and age-related disorders, present significant challenges in modern medicine due to their complex molecular mechanisms and limitations in identifying effective treatment targets. Recently, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) has emerged as a promising multifunctional therapeutic target for the treatment of these challenging diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize the multiple functions and mechanisms of OGG1, including pro-inflammatory, tumorigenic, and aging regulatory mechanisms.

Coordinated influence of Funneliformis mosseae and different plant growth-promoting bacteria on growth, root functional traits, and nutrient acquisition by maize.

Rhizospheric interactions among plant roots, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can enhance plant health by promoting nutrient acquisition and stimulating the plant immune system. This pot experiment, conducted in autoclaved soil, explored the synergistic impacts of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae with four individual bacterial strains, viz.: Cronobacter sp.

Effects of an external static EF on the conformational transition of 5-HT1A receptor: A molecular dynamics simulation study.

The serotonin receptor subtype 1A (5-HT1AR), one of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, has been implicated in several neurological conditions. Understanding the activation and inactivation mechanism of 5-HT1AR at the molecular level is critical for discovering novel therapeutics in many diseases. Recently there has been a growing appreciation for the role of external electric fields (EFs) in influencing the structure and activity of biomolecules.

On-mask detection of SARS-CoV-2 related substances by surface enhanced Raman scattering.

We have developed a convenient surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform based on vertical standing gold nanowires (v-AuNWs) which enabled the on-mask detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related substances such as the Spike-1 protein and the corresponding pseudo-virus. The Spike-1 protein was clearly distinguished from BSA protein with an accuracy above 99 %, and the detection limit could be achieved down to 0.01 μg/mL.

Soil enzyme profile analysis for indicating decomposer micro-food web.

Highly diverse exoenzymes mediate the energy flow from substrates to the multitrophic microbiota within the soil decomposer micro-food web. Here, we used a "soil enzyme profile analysis" approach to establish a series of enzyme profile indices; those indices were hypothesized to reflect micro-food web features. We systematically evaluated the shifts in enzyme profile indices in relation to the micro-food web features in the restoration of an abandoned cropland to a natural area.

Modulation of Heart Rate Variability and Brain Excitability through Acute Whole-Body Vibration: The Role of Frequency.

This cross-over study aimed to explore effects of acute whole-body vibration (WBV) at frequencies of 5-35 Hz on heart rate variability and brain excitability. Thirteen healthy physically active college students randomly completed eight interventions under the following conditions: static upright standing without vibration (CON), static squat exercise (knee flexion 150°) on the vibration platform (SSE), and static squat exercise (knee flexion 150°) combined with WBV at vibration frequency of 5, 9, 13, 20, 25, and 35 Hz. Five bouts × 30 s with a 30-s rest interval were performed for all interventions.

Soil enzyme activity mediated organic carbon mineralization due to soil erosion in long gentle sloping farmland in the black soil region.

Soil erosion plays a crucial role in soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution and mineralization. Meanwhile, the soil extracellular enzymes (EEs) drive C mineralization. However, the response of soil EEs mediated SOC mineralization to soil erosion remains unclear.

Dissecting the effect of ALS mutation S375G on the conformational properties and aggregation dynamics of TDP-43 fragment.

The aggregation of transactive response deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) into ubiquitin-positive inclusions is closely associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The 370-375 fragment of TDP-43 (GNNSYS, TDP-43), the amyloidogenic hexapeptides, can be prone to forming pathogenic amyloid fibrils with the characteristic of steric zippers. Previous experiments reported the ALS-associated mutation, serine 375 substituted by glycine (S375G) is linked to early onset disease and protein aggregation of TDP-43.