ADAMT: Adaptive distributed multi-task learning for efficient image recognition in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks.

Distributed machine learning in mobile adhoc networks faces significant challenges due to the limited computational resources of devices, non-IID data distribution, and dynamic network topology. Existing approaches often rely on centralized coordination and stable network conditions, which may not be feasible in practice. To address these issues, we propose an adaptive distributed multi-task learning framework called ADAMT for efficient image recognition in resource-constrained mobile ad hoc networks.

Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Treatment Planning for Cerebral Ischaemia Based on Multi-Scale Model.

Superficial temporal artery and middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery is an effective method to enhance cerebral blood flow (CBF) in ischemic patients. However, the effectiveness of various bypass techniques varies with the diversity of Circle of Willis (CoW) structures. This study aims to develop a physiologically realistic hemodynamic model to optimize STA-MCA bypass planning for cerebral ischemia patients with different CoW structures.

SLC7A5/E2F1/PTBP1/PKM2 axis mediates progression and therapy effect of triple-negative breast cancer through the crosstalk of amino acid metabolism and glycolysis pathway.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most challenging malignancies with the highest mortality rates among women. TNBC relies on both amino acid metabolism and glycolysis to fuel its bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands. However, the potential crosstalk between these two metabolic pathways and its impact on TNBC progression remain largely unexplored.

Modulating the Structural Complexity of AuNCs Aggregates for Generation of Bright Luminescence.

Self-assembly of coinage metal nanoclusters constitutes an important branch for the construction of bright luminescent materials. They also serve as a class of promising building blocks for the study of hierarchically organized assemblies due to their potential of generating high structural complexity. However, the strong intercluster interactions exert great difficulty and uncertainty on the modulation of the outcome aggregation structures.

Effects of dyadic psychoeducational interventions for haemodialysis patients and their family caregivers: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Haemodialysis may affect the changes in the patient's relationship with the family, and eventually cause some psychological distress to the patient and affect the health-related quality of life. This study examines the effectiveness of the dyadic psychoeducational intervention on patients' quality of life and psychosocial health, as well as caregiver burden and psychosocial outcomes among caregivers.

Methods: This is a parallel, two-arm, assessor-blind, randomised controlled trial with a repeated-measures design.

Enhanced Oxygen Vacancy Formation in Pt-WO via W-OH Bond Cleavage Using Water-Based One-Step Electrospinning for High-Performance Gas Sensors.

Oxygen vacancies play a crucial role in charge transport and surface states in semiconductor metal oxides, significantly influencing various research fields, such as photocatalysis and gas sensor. Developing effective strategies to generate oxygen vacancies and thereby enhance device performance is highly desirable. In this study, we proposed a water-based one-step electrospinning method to introduce hydroxyl groups, leading to the synthesis of Pt-decorated WO nanofibers (Pt-WO(HO)) with increased oxygen vacancies.

Dynamic QTL mapping reveals the genetic architecture of stem diameter across developmental stages in foxtail millet.

Dynamic QTL analysis identified the key QTL qSD-9-1 and candidate genes SiGPI8, SiCesA5 and SiNPC1 associated with the developmental stages of foxtail millet stem diameter. Abstact. Stem diameter (SD) is a critical agronomic trait influencing lodging and yield in foxtail millet, yet its potential in selective breeding remains under-explored.

Bisphosphonates in combination with alendronate sodium increase bone mineral density and modulate IL-6, TNF-α, and IGF-1 in patients with osteoporosis.

Objective: To assess the effects of bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid injection) plus alendronate sodium on bone mineral density (BMD) and levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in patients with osteoporosis.

Materials And Methods: A total of 94 patients recruited from osteoporosis patients hospitalized in the period October 2021 to December 2022 were assigned to either a control group or an observation group using a random number table. The control group was treated with alendronate sodium alone, whereas the observation group received zoledronic acid injection in combination with alendronate sodium administered orally.

Classical Swine Fever Virus Envelope Glycoproteins E, E1, and E2 Activate IL-10-STAT1-MX1/OAS1 Antiviral Pathway via Replacing Classical IFNα/β.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an acute and often fatal disease caused by CSF virus (CSFV) infection. In the present study, we investigated the transcriptional profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in pigs infected with CSFV. The results revealed that CSFV inhibits IFNα/β production, but up-regulates the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1); this result was verified in vitro.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Protein Complex Is Important for Deoxynivalenol Production and the Virulence of .

is recognized as the pathogen responsible for wheat head blight. It produces deoxynivalenol (DON) during infection, which endangers human health. DON biosynthesis occurs within toxisomes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Denosumab combined with immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report.

Background: Bone is a major site of metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recently, nuclear factor kappa-beta ligand (RANKL) inhibitors have garnered attention for their ability to inhibit osteoclast formation and bone resorption, as well as their potential to modulate immune functions and thereby enhance the efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy.

Case Summary: We present a case of a patient with NPC who developed sternal stalk metastasis and multiple bone metastases with soft tissue invasion following radical chemoradiotherapy and targeted therapy.

Perfluorobutanesulfonate Induces Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis Disruption and Gonadal Dysplasia of Tadpoles.

It is uncertain whether exposure to environmental concentrations of perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) disrupts the reproductive endocrine system in amphibian tadpoles. In this study, tadpoles () in G26 stage were treated with different levels of PFBS (0, 1, 3, and 10 μg/L) for 60 days to investigate whether and how PFBS affects the reproductive endocrine system and gonadal development in tadpoles. Tadpole testes exhibited structural damage to germ cells and significantly fewer spermatogonia following PFBS exposure, but the sex ratio remained unaffected.

Adaptive Deployable Structure Enabled by Actively Controlled Tensegrity for Space Debris Removal.

The Earth's orbital environment is increasingly congested with space debris, posing a substantial risk to space operations and safety. Current mitigation strategies are primarily tailored to either small debris, through protective devices, or large debris, via spacecraft deorbiting methods, leaving medium-sized debris (0.4-10 cm) as a significant unaddressed threat.

Experimental Study of the Biological Outcome After Free Transplantation of Autologous Auricular Cartilage.

Background: Auricular cartilage is widely used in rhinoplasty, but there are few studies on its biological changes after transplantation.

Objectives: This study investigated the biological transition of cartilage free grafts with and without perichondrium, aiming to provide some theoretical basis for the selection of nasal cartilage stent.

Methods: Spare auricular cartilage from 14 patients undergoing postoperative auricular cartilage augmentation was prepared into two with-/without-perichondrium cartilage pieces of approximately 5*5 mm, which were implanted into the loose connective tissue layer of the left and right sides of the back of the same nude mouse.

Relationship between Podocyte Injury and Renal Outcomes in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Report from a Retrospective Study in China.

Introduction: Podocyte injury has been proven to be a major cause for poor renal outcomes after acute kidney injury (AKI). However, clinical trial data are still limited. This study aimed to explore the clinical correlations between podocyte injury and renal outcomes in hospitalized AKI patients.

Genetic dissection of foxtail millet bristles using combined QTL mapping and RNA-seq.

QTL mapping of two RIL populations in multiple environments revealed a consistent QTL for bristle length, and combined with RNA-seq, a potential candidate gene influencing bristle length was identified. Foxtail millet bristles play a vital role in increasing yields and preventing bird damage. However, there is currently limited research on the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying foxtail millet bristle formation, which constrains the genetic improvement and breeding of new foxtail millet varieties.

Multi-stream and multi-scale fusion rib fracture segmentation network based on UXNet.

Background: Accurate segmentation of rib fractures represents a pivotal procedure within surgical interventions. This meticulous process not only mitigates the likelihood of postoperative complications but also facilitates expedited patient recuperation. However, rib fractures in computed tomography (CT) images exhibit an uneven morphology and are not fixed in position, posing difficulties in segmenting fractures.

Value of Label-Free Ubiquitin-Proteomic Analysis on Defining the Protective Mechanism of Valsartan against Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure.

Introduction: The cardiotoxicity and subsequent Heart Failure (HF) induced by Doxorubicin (DOX) limit the clinical application of DOX. Valsartan (Val) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker that could attenuate the HF induced by DOX. However, the underlying mechanism of Val in this process is not fully understood.

Risk factors and prediction model of breast cancer-related lymphoedema in a Chinese cancer centre: a prospective cohort study protocol.

Introduction: Lymphoedema is a distressing and long-term complication for breast cancer survivors. However, the reported incidence of lymphoedema varies, and its risk factors remain underexplored. Currently, a well-established risk prediction model is still lacking.

Estimation of Central Aortic Pressure Waveforms by Combination of a Meta-Learning Neural Network and a Physics-Driven Method.

The accurate non-invasive detection and estimation of central aortic pressure waveforms (CAPW) are crucial for reliable treatments of cardiovascular system diseases. But the accuracy and practicality of current estimation methods need to be improved. Our study combines a meta-learning neural network and a physics-driven method to accurately estimate CAPW based on personalized physiological indicators.

HIV interventions across the care continuum for adolescents in high-burden countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Adolescents (10-19 years old) have poor outcomes across the prevention-to-treatment HIV care continuum, leading to significant mortality and morbidity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions that documented HIV outcomes among adolescents in HIV high-burden countries.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 2015 and September 2024, assessing at least one HIV outcome along the prevention-to-care cascade, including PrEP uptake, HIV testing, awareness of HIV infections, ARV adherence, retention, and virological suppression.

High glucose promotes macrophage switching to the M1 phenotype via the downregulation of STAT-3 mediated autophagy.

Aim: Imbalanced M1/M2 macrophage phenotype activation is a key point in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Macrophages mainly exhibit the M1 phenotype, which contributes to inflammation and fibrosis in DKD. Studies have indicated that autophagy plays an important role in M1/M2 activation.

Predicting the toxic side effects of drug interactions using chemical structures and protein sequences.

The study aims to address the critical issue of toxic side effects resulting from drug combinations, which can significantly increase health risks, clinical complications, and lead to drug being withdrawn from the market. A model named TSEDDI (toxic side effects of drug-drug interaction) has been developed to improve the identification of drug pairs that may induce toxicity or adverse reactions. By utilizing drug chemical structures and diverse proteins, we employ a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract features from molecular images, enzyme proteins, transporter proteins, and target proteins.

Turning cold into hot: emerging strategies to fire up the tumor microenvironment.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, highly structured, and dynamic ecosystem that plays a pivotal role in the progression of both primary and metastatic tumors. Precise assessment of the dynamic spatiotemporal features of the TME is crucial for understanding cancer evolution and designing effective therapeutic strategies. Cancer is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease, influenced not only by the TME, but also by a multitude of systemic factors, including whole-body metabolism, gut microbiome, endocrine signaling, and circadian rhythm.