Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is more complex than we thought: A case report.

Background: Brain metastasis from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is rare. To the best of our knowledge, only a few cases have been reported. The biological behavior was complex, and treatment requires further investigation.

Bioinformatics analysis of the gene expression profiles in human intervertebral disc degeneration associated with inflammatory cytokines.

Background: To investigate the microarray data on the gene expression profiles of intervertebral disc degeneration related to cytokine exposure. The purpose of the study was to identify the key genes that were differentially expressed in these disc cells compared to cells without inflammatory cytokine treatment, using bioinformatics analyses, and to explore the related signaling pathways and interaction networks, providing clues to the molecular mechanisms of disc degeneration for future experimental studies.

Methods: The gene expression profiles data were obtained using the same microarray platform for two groups of patients suffering from degenerative disc diseases: GSE41883 (Human annulus disc cells exposed to TNF-a; 4 samples) and GSE27494 (Human annulus disc cells exposed to IL-1β; 4 samples).

Thoraco-abdominal aorta revascularization through a retroperitoneal approach.

Objective: To investigate the application of the retroperitoneal approach in aortic surgery.

Methods: We collected and analyzed data of 7 patients in Macau who presented with aortic diseases from 2007 to 2008 and were treated with aorta repair through retroperitoneal approach. Demographic features as well as intraoperative and postoperative data were analyzed.