Improving lung cancer pathological hyperspectral diagnosis through cell-level annotation refinement.

Lung cancer remains a major global health challenge, and accurate pathological examination is crucial for early detection. This study aims to enhance hyperspectral pathological image analysis by refining annotations at the cell level and creating a high-quality hyperspectral dataset of lung tumors. We address the challenge of coarse manual annotations in hyperspectral lung cancer datasets, which limit the effectiveness of deep learning models requiring precise labels for training.

The ARC neurons play a crucial role in the regulation of energy homeostasis.

Recent single-cell RNA sequencing study suggested that CRABP1 expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC neurons) were a distinct group of neurons. However, the physiological role of ARC neurons remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrated that ARC neurons played a crucial role in regulation of energy homeostasis in male mice.

Hydrodynamic cavitation synthesis of water-soluble CdSe quantum dots: Effect of venturi tube parameters on size distribution and fluorescence properties, with application in Fe detection.

Background: Fe is an important trace element in life metabolism and also the main component of industrial pollutant. How to improve the sensitivity of Fe detection is of great significance in biological and environmental analyses. Fluorescence probe for Fe detection has high sensitivity, but it is difficult to prepare a probe with high sensitivity.

Development of a multichannel hand-adaptive tactile stimulation device for somatotopic map of human hand in somatosensory cortex with fMRI.

The 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can provide a detailed somatotopic map. However, due to the constraints of MR-compatible applications, current tactile stimulation devices for the human hand are insufficient for precise somatotopic mapping experiments. In this study, we developed a novel 23-channel, hand-adaptive tactile stimulation device with high temporal and spatial resolution.

Uncovering key sources of regional ozone simulation biases using machine learning and SHAP analysis.

Atmospheric chemical transport models (CTMs) are widely used in air quality management, but still have large biases in simulations. Accurately and efficiently identifying key sources of simulation biases is crucial for model improvement. However, traditional approaches, such as sensitivity and uncertainty analyses, are computationally intensive and inefficient, as they require numerous model runs.

Promoting effects of lipophilic pollutants on the reproductive toxicity of proteinophilic pollutants to Daphnia magna under chronic exposure.

Lipophilic and proteinophilic toxic organic pollutants often coexist in aquatic environments. However, the toxic effects of these two types of pollutants on aquatic organisms under chronic co-exposure are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of lipophilic pollutants (pyrene and PCB 28) on the reproductive toxicity of proteinophilic pollutants (cyromazine) to Daphnia magna over a 28-d exposure period were investigated by analyzing alterations in developmental and reproductive endpoints, bioaccumulation, and the transcriptome.

Function of chitinase in Penicillium ochrochloron Q-3-1 and its insecticidal and antifungal mechanism and biological control against citrus pests and diseases.

The biocontrol potential strain of Penicillium ochrochloron Q-3-1 was isolated from Hepialus armoricanus larvae. However, the insecticidal and antifungal mechanisms of Q-3-1 are still unclear. Eleven chitinase genes (Poch1-Poch11) were isolated for functional identification.

A Multi-center Study on Intraoperative Glioma Grading via Deep Learning on Cryosection Pathology.

Intraoperative glioma grading remains a significant challenge, primarily due to the diminished diagnostic attributable to the suboptimal quality of cryosectioned slides. Precise intraoperative diagnosis is instrumental in guiding surgical strategy to balance the resection extent and the neurological function preservation, thereby optimizing patient prognoses. This study developed a model for intraoperative glioma grading via deep learning on cryosectioned images, termed IGGC.

From inflammation to remodelling: A novel BASP1 monocyte subset as a catalyst for acute aortic dissection.

Introduction: Monocytes comprise heterogeneous cell populations. However, beyond traditionally considered as precursors of tissue macrophages, heterogeneity and detailed effects of monocytes in acute aortic dissection (AAD) are largely unknown.

Objectives: To investigate the role of brain soluble acid protein 1 positive (BASP1) monocyte subset in promoting AAD development as well as the underlying mechanism.

High-frequency ultrasound induced the preparation of oxidized low density lipoprotein.

Foam cells have been frequently used in studies related to atherosclerosis. Traditional methods for inducing oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) involve copper ion (Cu) treatment, which has inherent limitations such as prolonged oxidation times and residual copper ions. This study explored high-frequency ultrasound (400 kHz) as an alternative method for LDL oxidization.

Evaluating the impacts of drilling and extraction activities on the marine carbonate system in the natural gas fields of Beibu Gulf, Northern South China Sea.

Natural gas fields are typically located in shallow gulfs. Previous studies have predominantly focused on gas leakage and its subsequent toxic effects on marine organisms; however, the impacts of accidental CO leaks on carbonate dynamics during drilling and extraction remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate carbonate parameters in two gas fields to elucidate the influences of extraction activities and natural processes on carbonate dynamics in Beibu Gulf, situated in the northern South China Sea (nSCS).

CDCA8 and its multifaceted role in tumorigenesis.

Human cell division cycle-associated 8 (CDCA8), also known as Borealin or Dasra-B, is a critical component of the vertebrate Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC). It plays a pivotal role in the segregation of sister chromatids during the cell cycle and is essential for preventing the formation of aneuploid chromosomes and ensuring successful cytokinesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CDCA8 is upregulated in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, glioma, and bladder cancer.

Oxidation of aquatic products from the inside out accelerates their deterioration: A case study of sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) during storage.

Sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) is favored by consumers, but the oxidation of visceral lipids during refrigeration has not been studied. This research investigates the effect of visceral lipid oxidation on storage quality. The results show that visceral lipids oxidize first, leading to a 1.

Berberrubine as a novel TrxR inhibitor enhances cisplatin sensitivity in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR, TXNRD) is an essential enzyme implicated in the processes of cancer development and progression, positioning it as a promising target for cancer therapeutics. In this study, we employed target-based structural screening to identify berberrubine (BRB), a natural product characterized by an unprecedented isoquinoline scaffold that differs from known TrxR inhibitors. Our findings demonstrate that BRB serves as an effective inhibitor of TrxR, both in the context of the purified enzyme and within cancer cells.

Revealing the underestimated role of Gram-positive bacteria in iron reduction within paddy soils.

Iron reduction in paddy fields is crucial for heavy metal migration and nutrient transformation. Gram-negative iron-reducing bacteria like Geobacter and Shewanella have been widely studied due to their strong extracellular electron transfer capabilities. In contrast, Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus and Clostridium are often labeled as weak exoelectrogens, leading to their contributions being overlooked.

Remediation strategies of biochar and microbial inoculum for PAHs-contaminated soil: Quorum sensing-mediated PAHs degradation and element cycling.

The pyrolysis of straw for biochar production offers significant advantages in resource recycling and soil improvement. However, the concurrent effects of biochar on contaminant degradation and biogeochemical cycles in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-contaminated soil remain unclear. This study aims to integrate the roles of functional microorganisms, PAHs degradation pathways, and soil element cycles to elucidate the remediation characteristics of PAHs-contaminated soil.

Impact of sediment microbial fuel cells on the distribution of different forms of phosphorus in lake sediment and water.

The continuous release of phosphorus from sediments by geochemical processes can cause endogenous eutrophication. This study examined the effect of carbon felt-sediment microbial fuel cells (CF-SMFCs) on the release of deposited phosphorus into the overlying water. In the CF-MFC system, the voltage ranged from 27 to 584 mV and the anode electrode potential increased from -130 mV to 202 mV.

Two new cyclopentanoid monoterpenes from the fruits of .

Two new cyclopentanoid monoterpenes, catalpovatins A-B (-), together with nine known compounds (-), were isolated from the fruits of G. Don. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on their spectroscopic data.

Advances in the Regulation of Hematopoietic Homeostasis by Programmed Cell Death Under Radiation Conditions.

The application of nuclear energy and the frequent occurrence of nuclear contamination have made radiation safety a major challenge to global public health. As a radiation-sensitive target organ, bone marrow is susceptible to both acute and chronic damage effects of ionizing radiation on the hematopoietic system. Researchers have demonstrated that radiation disrupts hematopoietic homeostasis through direct damage to hematopoietic stem cells, which inhibits hematopoietic regeneration indirectly through damage to hematopoietic progenitor cells and their downstream cell populations.

Identification of LIMK1 as a biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: from data mining to validation.

Purpose: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common types of renal cancer. LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) reportedly plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, the involvement of LIMK1 in the progression of ccRCC remains ambiguous.

Gut metabolites and functional recovery after ischemic stroke: a genetic perspective.

The current study explores the relationship between genetically predicted gut metabolites and functional outcomes following ischemic stroke, utilizing the Mendelian Randomization (MR) framework. Genetic information regarding gut microbiota-derived metabolites was sourced from 2076 participants of European descent participating in the Framingham Heart Study. Data on functional outcomes 90 days post-ischemic stroke were acquired from the Genetics of Ischemic Stroke Functional Outcomes Network (n = 6,021).

The adipokines in oral cancer pathogenesis and its potential as a new therapeutic approach.

The involvement of adipose tissue in the development of cancer is currently the subject of an increasing number of research due to the growing relevance of lipid metabolism in tumor growth. Obesity influences the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in oral cancer. Visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) consists of adipocytes, connective tissue, immune cells, and stromovascular cells.

Microbial dysbiosis with tryptophan metabolites alteration in lower respiratory tract is associated with clinical responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Lower respiratory tract microbiome constitutes a unique immune microenvironment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer as one of dominant localized microbial components. However, there exists little knowledge on the associations between this regional microbiome and clinical responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy from clinical perspectives. Here, we equivalently collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from 56 advanced NSCLC participants treated with none (untreated, n = 28) or anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (treated, n = 28), which was further divided into responder (n = 17) and non-responder (n = 11) subgroups according to clinical responses, aiming to compare their microbial discrepancy by performing metagenomic sequencing and targeted metabolic alterations by tryptophan sequencing.

Modifying the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction via Disruption of Ordered Intercalation in a van der Waals Magnet.

The intercalation of magnetic atoms into van der Waals (vdW) gaps offers a unique opportunity to manipulate the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and magnetic structures by modifying the local atomic structures in vdW magnets. Herein, a new strategy is proposed for modifying DMI by disrupting the atomic-scale order within the Cr sublattice of Cr-intercalated 2H-TaS, i.e.