CTCs Detection Methods In Vivo and In Vitro and Their Application in Tumor Immunotherapy.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that detach from the primary tumor site and enter the bloodstream. They hold significant value for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of tumors. CTC detection methods can be classified into in vivo and in vitro techniques.

CO-driven ion exchange for ammonium recovery from source-separated urine.

Nitrogen recovery from urine and CO utilization are both vital for achieving a circular economy and mitigating climate change. Divided engineering solutions have been proposed to address either problem, but there is still a lack of integrated technologies to simultaneously tackle the two tasks. We demonstrated CO-driven ion exchange for nitrogen recovery (CIXNR) from urine and evaluated the process in Malawi.

Kan-AAE-driven synthetic SERS spectra generation method for Precise cancer identification.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is gaining popularity in cancer detection studies because it offers a non-invasive and rapid approach. Label-free SERS detection techniques often needs machine learning, which depends on adequate data for training. The scarcity of blood serum samples from cancer patients, due to challenges in collection linked to confidentiality concerns and other restrictions, can result in model overfitting and poor generalization ability.

Magnetic Nanoactuator-Protein Fiber Coated Hydrogel Dressing for Well-Balanced Skin Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration.

Despite significant progress in skin wound healing, it is still a challenge to construct multifunctional bioactive dressings based on a highly aligned protein fiber coated hydrogel matrix for antifibrosis skin wound regeneration that is indistinguishable to native skin. In this study, a "dual-wheel-driven" strategy is adopted to modify the surface of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel with highly aligned magnetic nanocomposites-protein fiber assemblies (MPF) consisting of photothermal responsive antibacteria superparamagnetic nanocomposites-fibrinogen (Fg) complexes as the building blocks. Whole-phase healing properties of the modified hydrogel dressing, GelMA-MPF (GMPF), stem from the integration of Fg protein with RGD peptide activity decorated on the surface of the antibacterial magnetic nanoactuator, facilitating facile and reproducible dressing preparation by self-assembly and involving biochemical, morphological, and biophysical cues.

A Two-Dimensional Superconducting Electron Gas at LaFeO/SrTiO Interfaces.

Transition metal oxide interfaces have garnered great attention due to their fascinating properties that are absent in their bulk counterparts. The high mobility and coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism at these interfaces remain compelling research topics. Here, we first report superconductivity in the 2DEG formed at the LaFeO/SrTiO interfaces, characterized by a superconducting transition temperature () of 333 mK and a superconducting layer thickness of 13.

Quantum State Transfer between Superconducting Cavities via Exchange-Free Interactions.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel protocol for transferring quantum states between superconducting cavities. This approach utilizes continuous two-mode squeezing interactions to generate entanglement without the exchange of any carrier photons. In contrast to the discrete operations of entanglement and Bell-state measurement in quantum teleportation, our scheme is symmetric and continuous.

Thermal tuning behavior and robust control of a single-soliton microcomb with a modulated sideband.

A chip-scaled single-soliton microcomb source promises wide applications in various fields. We demonstrate the deterministic single-soliton generation from both pump forward and backward tunings via sideband thermal compensation. The total soliton existing range (SER) is effectively expanded due to the thermal-lock effect and remains nearly the same regardless of the soliton states.

Species mass transfer governs the selectivity of gas diffusion electrodes toward HO electrosynthesis.

The meticulous design of advanced electrocatalysts and their integration into gas diffusion electrode (GDE) architectures is emerging as a prominent research paradigm in the HO electrosynthesis community. However, it remains perplexing that electrocatalysts and assembled GDE frequently exhibit substantial discrepancies in HO selectivity during bulk electrolysis. Here, we elucidate the pivotal role of mass transfer behavior of key species (including reactants and products) beyond the intrinsic properties of the electrocatalyst in dictating electrode-scale HO selectivity.

Transcriptional Profiling Analysis Providing Insights into the Harsh Environments Tolerance Mechanisms of .

, an endemic shrub in China, thrives in desertification-prone environments due to its robust biomass, hairy leaves, and extensive root system. It is vital for ecological restoration and serves as a valuable forage plant. This study explored the molecular mechanisms underlying ' adaptation to desert conditions, focusing on its physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic responses to drought, salt, and alkali stresses.

Renal injury in NSAIDs: a real-world analysis based on the FAERS database.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the reporting risk of renal injury associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), with a particular focus on the reporting risk levels and onset times of different NSAIDs.

Methods: A pharmacovigilance study was conducted using data from the FAERS database from January 2004 to December 2023. Reports of renal injury were identified, and signal detection was performed using reporting odds ratio (ROR) and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) methods.

Interpretable GWAS by linking clinical phenotypes to quantifiable immune repertoire components.

Bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype in GWAS studies is challenging. A multitude of genetic variants have been associated with immune-related diseases, including cancer, yet the interpretability of most variants remains low. Here, we investigate the quantitative components in the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, the frequency of clusters of TCR sequences predicted to have common antigen specificity, to interpret the genetic associations of diverse human diseases.

Protein P5 of pear chlorotic leaf spot-associated virus is a pathogenic factor that suppresses RNA silencing and enhances virus movement.

Pear chlorotic leaf spot-associated virus (PCLSaV) is a newly described emaravirus that infects pear trees. The virus genome consists of at least five single-stranded, negative-sense RNAs. The P5 encoded by RNA5 is unique to PCLSaV.

Using the Ethaline Electropolishing Method on the Internal Surface of Additive Manufactured Tubes.

Electropolishing is a widely used technique for polishing additive manufactured (AM) components, while complex internal surface polishing remains a challenge. In this study, we explore the use of ethaline as an electrolyte and investigate the effects of temperature, time, stirring speed, and voltage on the electropolishing effectiveness for AM tubes without pre-treatment through orthogonal experiments. The optimal combination of these factors is then applied in further electropolishing experiments on straight tubes with large length-to-diameter ratios and an angled tube.

Aquaporin CmPIP2;3 links H2O2 signal and antioxidation to modulate trehalose-induced cold tolerance in melon seedlings.

Cold stress severely restricts the growth and development of cold-sensitive crops. Trehalose (Tre), known as the "sugar of life", plays key roles in regulating plant cold tolerance by triggering antioxidation. However, the relevant regulatory mechanism remains unclear.

Label-free detection of kidney stones urine combined with SERS and multivariate statistical algorithm.

Kidney stones are a common urological disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Traditional diagnostic methods for kidney stones are relatively complex and time-consuming, thus necessitating the development of a quicker and simpler diagnostic approach. This study investigates the clinical screening of kidney stones using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technology combined with multivariate statistical algorithms, comparing the classification performance of three algorithms (PCA-LDA, PCA-LR, PCA-SVM).

Lipocalin-2 promotes breast cancer brain metastasis by enhancing tumor invasion and modulating brain microenvironment.

Breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosed in women globally, with brain metastasis emerging as a major cause of death, particularly in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. Comprehensive understanding of the molecular foundations of central nervous system metastases is imperative for the evolution of efficacious treatment strategies. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a secreted iron transport protein with multiple functions, has been linked to the progression of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM).

A bibliometric analysis of global research on microbial immune microenvironment in melanoma from 2012 to 2022.

Background: Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy primarily impacting the skin, mucous membranes, and pigment epithelium. The tumor microbial microenvironment encompasses both the microorganisms inhabiting the tumor vicinity and the environmental factors influencing their interactions. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of the microbial immune microenvironment in melanoma.

Fusing Ta-doped LiLaZrO grains using nanoscale YO sintering aids for high-performance solid-state lithium batteries.

Solid-state lithium batteries have advantages of high energy density and usage safety and are considered as promising next-generation power sources. Among them, the garnet-type oxide electrolyte has become a widely studied inorganic electrolyte due to its high ionic conductivity and chemical stability. In this paper, nanoscale YO (NYO) particles are introduced as sintering aids for fabricating Ta-doped LiLaZrO (LLZTO) ceramics, and the sintering effects of various NYO ratios on the properties of LLZTO are investigated.

A cryogenic on-chip microwave pulse generator for large-scale superconducting quantum computing.

For superconducting quantum processors, microwave signals are delivered to each qubit from room-temperature electronics to the cryogenic environment through coaxial cables. Limited by the heat load of cabling and the massive cost of electronics, such an architecture is not viable for millions of qubits required for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Monolithic integration of the control electronics and the qubits provides a promising solution, which, however, requires a coherent cryogenic microwave pulse generator that is compatible with superconducting quantum circuits.

An enhanced multimode phase imaging method based on the transport of intensity equation.

Label-free biological cell imaging relies on rapid multimode phase imaging of biological samples in natural settings. To improve image contrast, phase is encoded into intensity information using the differential interference contrast (DIC) and Zernike phase contrast (ZPC) techniques. To enable multimode contrast-enhanced observation of unstained specimens, this paper proposes an improved multimode phase imaging method based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE), which combines conventional microscopy with computational imaging.