Molecular mechanisms of cold stress response in cotton: Transcriptional reprogramming and genetic strategies for tolerance.

Cold stress has a huge impact on the growth and development of cotton, presenting a significant challenge to its productivity. Comprehending the complex molecular mechanisms that control the reaction to CS is necessary for developing tactics to improve cold tolerance in cotton. This review paper explores how cotton responds to cold stress by regulating gene expression, focusing on both activating and repressing specific genes.

Subtypes of Insomnia Disorder Identified by Cortical Morphometric Similarity Network.

Insomnia disorder (ID) is a highly heterogeneous psychiatric disease, and the use of neuroanatomical data to objectively define biological subtypes is essential. We aimed to examine the neuroanatomical subtypes of ID by morphometric similarity network (MSN) and the association between MSN changes and specific transcriptional expression patterns. We recruited 144 IDs and 124 healthy controls (HC).

Immune Response Elicited by Recombinant Adenovirus-Delivered Glycoprotein B and Nucleocapsid Protein UL18 and UL25 of HSV-1 in Mice.

Due to the complex pathogenic and immune escape mechanisms of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), especially the failure of induced immune responses to block the initial cell-to-cell transmission of the virus from skin cells to neurons, the body struggles to establish effective prevention and control methods, resulting in the failure of currently developed vaccines. Previous studies have highlighted the crucial roles of surface glycoproteins and nucleocapsid proteins in activating the body's immune defense system against HSV-1 infection. In this study, recombinant adenoviruses were used as vectors to generate adenoviruses carrying the nucleocapsid protein genes UL18 and UL25, as well as the surface glycoprotein gene gB.

The benefit of inhibitory control training for insomnia with short sleep duration phenotype: a pilot randomized trial.

Background: Two phenotypes of insomnia disorder (ID) have been identified based on objective total sleep duration (TST): one with short sleep duration (ISSD) and another with normal sleep duration (INSD). Recent proposals suggested that insomnia with objective short-sleep duration (TST < 7 h) is associated with impaired inhibitory function, leading to a dysregulation of cortical inhibition, which may underlie its prevalence. This study investigated the status of impaired response inhibition in these two phenotypes and examined the potential different effect of response inhibition training on these two phenotypes.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate causes DNA damage and apoptosis via oxidative stress in umbilical cord fibroblast cells of Yangtze finless porpoise.

Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP) is a critically endangered species in China. It has been found that YFP is constantly exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in aquatic environments, leading to significant bioaccumulation. However, the impacts of PFOS on YFP health and survival are still unknown.

Functional connectivity density of postcentral gyrus predicts rumination and major depressive disorders in males.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest. Recent evidence suggested that abnormal functional connectivity (FC) may be linked to the development of MDD, and gender differences existed in FC patterns. In this study, we utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) data from 41 healthy participants to identify FC patterns that correlate with levels of rumination in both genders.

Gene expression is associated with brain function of insomnia disorder, rather than brain structure.

Previous research has found brain structural and functional abnormalities in patients with insomnia disorder (ID). However, the relationship between brain abnormalities in ID and brain gene expression is unclear. This study explored the relationship between gene expression and brain structural or functional abnormalities in ID, and we validated the reliability of the results with two independent datasets (discover dataset: healthy control (HC) = 129, ID = 264; validation dataset: HC = 160, ID = 115).

Identification of serum N-glycans signatures in three major gastrointestinal cancers by high-throughput N-glycome profiling.

Background: Alternative N-glycosylation of serum proteins has been observed in colorectal cancer (CRC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cancer (GC), while comparative study among those three cancers has not been reported before. We aimed to identify serum N-glycans signatures and introduce a discriminative model across the gastrointestinal cancers.

Methods: The study population was initially screened according to the exclusion criteria process.

Measurement of ocular aberration in noise based on deep learning with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor.

Shack-Hartmann-based wavefront sensing combined with deep learning, due to its fast, accurate, and large dynamic range, has been widely studied in many fields including ocular aberration measurement. Problems such as noise and corneal reflection affect the accuracy of detection in practical measuring ocular aberration systems. This paper establishes a framework comprising of a noise-added model, Hartmannograms with corneal reflections and the corneal reflection elimination algorithm.

Construction of antithrombotic and antimicrobial ultra-thin structures on a polyethylene terephthalate implant the surface grafting of heparin brushes.

It remains a challenge to endow a polymeric material with antithrombotic ability by surface grafting without disturbing the bulk properties of the substrate. Heparin-based functional structures of less than 80 nm were fabricated and covalently grafted on a polyethylene terephthalate surface carbene chemistry (Hep-g-PET). Heparin was oxidized with the minimum antithrombrin sequence retained, creating an aldehyde group on the chain terminus.

Hidden Links Between Skin Microbiome and Skin Imaging Phenome.

Despite the skin microbiome has been linked to skin health and diseases, its role in modulating human skin appearance remains understudied. Using a total of 1244 face imaging phenomes and 246 cheek metagenomes, we first established three skin age indices by machine learning, including skin phenotype age (SPA), skin microbiota age (SMA), and skin integration age (SIA) as surrogates of phenotypic aging, microbial aging, and their combination, respectively. Moreover, we found that besides aging and gender as intrinsic factors, skin microbiome might also play a role in shaping skin imaging phenotypes (SIPs).

Cytotoxicity and mechanisms of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) in umbilical cord fibroblast cells of Yangtze finless porpoise.

Yangtze finless porpoises (YFP) accumulate high levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). However, the health impacts of PFASs to YFP are still unknown because it is technically and ethically unfeasible to use the critically endangered YFP in toxicological exposures. To uncover the potential toxicities of PFASs to YFP, this study exposed a YFP umbilical cord fibroblast cell line to perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), an emerging PFASs pollutant in the aquatic environments.

Regiodivergent Functionalization of Protected and Unprotected Carbohydrates using Photoactive 4-Tetrafluoropyridinylthio Fragment as an Adaptive Activating Group.

The selective functionalization of carbohydrates holds a central position in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry, driving the ongoing quest for ideal approaches to manipulate these compounds. In this study, we introduce a general strategy that enables the regiodivergent functionalization of saccharides. The use of electron-deficient photoactive 4-tetrafluoropyridinylthio (SPyf) fragment as an adaptable activating group, facilitated efficient functionalization across all saccharide sites.

SoMarker: a genetic marker searching tool for Caenorhabditis elegans.

Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the most popular model organisms used to genetically dissect complex biological phenomena. One common technique used routinely in the C. elegans laboratory is the generation of strains carrying combinations of genetic mutations via classical genetic crosses.

Illness uncertainty, resilience, and perceived social support among patients with moyamoya disease: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The present study aims to investigate the levels of illness uncertainty in patients with moyamoya disease and to determine the association of socio-demographic characteristics, perceived social support and resilience with illness uncertainty in patients with moyamoya disease.

Method: A cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted in two hospitals in China from August to December 2023. A socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Chinese versions of Mishel's Unsurety in Disease Scale (MUIS), the Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Chinese version of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to perform this research.

Production and evaluation of anti-BP26 monoclonal antibodies for the serological detection of animal brucellosis.

BP26 proves to be a highly immunogenic antigen with excellent specificity in brucellosis detection. In China, the authorized use of the Bp26-deleted vaccine M5ΔBP26 for preventing small ruminant brucellosis highlights the importance of developing accurate detection methods targeting BP26, particularly for the diagnosis of differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). Using the traditional mouse hybridoma technique, we successfully obtained 12 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting BP26.

Altered morphometric similarity networks in insomnia disorder.

Previous studies on structural covariance network (SCN) suggested that patients with insomnia disorder (ID) show abnormal structural connectivity, primarily affecting the somatomotor network (SMN) and default mode network (DMN). However, evaluating a single structural index in SCN can only reveal direct covariance relationship between two brain regions, failing to uncover synergistic changes in multiple structural features. To cover this research gap, the present study utilized novel morphometric similarity networks (MSN) to examine the morphometric similarity between cortical areas in terms of multiple sMRI parameters measured at each area.

Behavioral and Transcriptomic Analyses in the Indoxacarb Response of a Non-Target Damselfly Species.

, which widely spreads in paddy fields, has the potential to be used as a natural predator of insect pests. However, the application of insecticides in the field could pose a threat to the survival of . Among these pesticides, indoxacarb, an oxadiazine insecticide, is renowned for its broad-spectrum efficacy against numerous insect pests.

Attention control training and transfer effects on cognitive tasks.

Attention control is the common element underlying different executive functions. The backward Masking Majority Function Task (MFT-M) requires intensive attention control, and represents a diverse situation where attentional resources need to be allocated dynamically and flexibly to reduce uncertainty. Aiming to train attention control using MFT-M and examine the training transfer effects in various executive functions, we recruited healthy young adults (n = 84) and then equally randomized them into two groups trained with either MFT-M or a sham program for seven consecutive days.

Physiological, cytological and multi-omics analysis revealed the molecular response of Fritillaria cirrhosa to Cd toxicity in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Fritillaria cirrhosa, an endangered plant endemic to plateau regions, faces escalating cadmium (Cd) stress due to pollution in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This study employed physiological, cytological, and multi-omics techniques to investigate the toxic effects of Cd stress and detoxification mechanisms of F. cirrhosa.

Large-Dynamic-Range Ocular Aberration Measurement Based on Deep Learning with a Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor.

The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) is widely utilized for ocular aberration measurement. However, large ocular aberrations caused by individual differences can easily make the spot move out of the range of the corresponding sub-aperture in SHWFS, rendering the traditional centroiding method ineffective. This study applied a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) model to wavefront sensing for large dynamic ocular aberration measurement.

Understanding Deep Gradient Leakage via Inversion Influence Functions.

Deep Gradient Leakage (DGL) is a highly effective attack that recovers private training images from gradient vectors. This attack casts significant privacy challenges on distributed learning from clients with sensitive data, where clients are required to share gradients. Defending against such attacks requires but lacks an understanding of , mostly because of the black-box nature of deep networks.