Spatial and temporal patterns in pelagic fish egg assemblages in spring and late autumn-winter in eastern Beibu Gulf.

Semi-enclosed gulfs play important roles in global marine ecosystems, but they are vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance and the effects of climate change. Beibu Gulf, the largest semi-enclosed gulf in China, is characterized by complex oceanographical conditions and high fish diversity, and it is an important fishing and spawning ground for many fish species. However, little is known about where these fishes spawn.

Cross-modal co-occurrence analysis of nonverbal behavior and content words, vocal emotion and prosody in individuals with subclinical depression.

Background: Most related research focuses on a single variable of verbal and nonverbal behaviors independently without considering their associations. Therefore, it is important to understand subclinical depression in the entire population.

Aims: This study investigated the cross-modal co-occurrence of nonverbal behavior with vocal emotions, prosody, and content words in individuals with subclinical depression.

Electrostatic Flocking of Hierarchically Micro/Nanostructured Natural Silk Fibers for Efficient Passive Radiative Cooling.

Passive radiative cooling presents great potential to reduce global energy consumption owing to its sustainable features of zero energy consumption and zero CO emission. Natural silk fibers exhibit a reflective sheen and a triangular cross-sectional morphology, similar to the attributes observed in the Saharan silver ants' hairs that function to protect the ants from overheating under extremely hot conditions. Here, we demonstrate the facile construction of hair-like arrays of short silk fibers (SSFs) through electroflocking, and the efficient passive cooling performance realized by the enhancement in both the reflectance in the visible to near-infrared range and the emittance in the mid-infrared range.

BiVO/BiVO isometallic heterojunction coupled with FeOOH/NiOOH cocatalysts for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

The four-electron water oxidation reaction in photoelectrochemical systems poses a major challenge to efficiently converting solar energy into chemical energy amid the global energy crisis. Herein, we report a strategy to develop a photoelectrochemical system using BiVO/BiVO isometallic heterojunction photoanodes paired with FeOOH/NiOOH cocatalysts to enhance water oxidation in neutral electrolytes. The results demonstrate that the BiVO/BiVO/FeOOH/NiOOH photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 4.

Proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis of acute pancreatitis alleviated by forsythoside B.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common acute abdominal condition in clinical practice, associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Forsythia constitutes a component of traditional Chinese medicinal decoctions used for clinical AP treatment; however, the efficacy of its active monomer in treating AP has yet to be completely substantiated. Here, we engineered an AP cell and mouse model by administering a combination of caerulein and LPS.

Construction of a CuO@PDA Nanozyme with Switchable Dual Enzyme-Mimic Activities for Colorimetric Sensing of Catechol and Hydroquinone.

The development of metal-based redox nanozymes represents a new frontier in pollutant sensing. In this field, designing highly active nanozymes and precisely regulating their enzymatic activity are key challenges. In this work, we report the construction of a copper peroxide@polydopamine (CuO@PDA) nanozyme with dual enzyme-like activity, mimicking the active centers of laccase and peroxidase.

Auricular acupressure for minimizing adverse reactions to colonoscopic bowel preparation in hospitalized patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of auricular acupressure in reducing the incidence of adverse reactions(ADRs) during the bowel preparation.

Methods: This was a prospective, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial implemented at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. Between October 2022 and February 2023, 190 hospitalized patients undergoing colonoscopy were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups in a 1:1 ratio.

Semi-Organic Artificial Photosynthetic System with Engineered Phenoxazinone Derivatives for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production with Broadened Near-Infrared Light Harvesting.

Natural photosynthetic systems utilize complex pigment-protein assemblies for light harvesting across a broad spectral range from UV to near-infrared, enabling efficient photogeneration and charge separation. Conventional photocatalysts, however, primarily absorb UV (<380 nm) and visible light (380-780 nm), resulting in suboptimal spectral utilization. This study introduces a semi-organic artificial photosynthetic system that integrates molecularly engineered phenoxazinone derivatives with H-doped rutile TiO (H-TiO) nanorods.

Integrative study of Anchusa italica Retz flower's microstructure and chemical composition.

The unique structural features of Anchusa italica Retz (A. italica Retz) flowers were revealed at different scales through tissue sectioning and microstructural observations of the flower powder. High-resolution imaging of the fine structure and fracture of the sample surface was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to obtain detailed information about the surface morphology and microstructure.

Study on the mechanism of plant metabolites to intervene oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy is the main microvascular complication of diabetes and the first blinding eye disease in the working-age population. Oxidative stress is an important pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Plant metabolites can be divided into two types: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites, secondary metabolites are the main active components and important sources for developing new drugs.

eIF5A downregulated by mechanical overloading delays chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis by regulating the CREBBP-mediated Notch pathway.

Aims: To examine how eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) regulates osteoarthritis (OA) during mechanical overload and the specific mechanism.

Methods: Histological experiments used human bone samples and C57BL/6J mice knee samples. All cell experiments were performed using mice primary chondrocytes.

A comprehensive reconnaissance and risk assessment of rubber additives and their transformation products (RATPs) in groundwater: 1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG) as a pressing ecological concern.

The widespread detection of rubber additives and their transformation products (RATPs) in surface water environments is well-documented, but their pollution characteristics in groundwater remain unclear. This study comprehensively revealed the occurrence and distribution of 27 RATPs in groundwater across southern China (n = 212). RATPs were detected in groundwater at total levels of 1.

A novel 3D bilateral filtering algorithm with noise level estimation assisted by multi-temporal SAR.

The bilateral filter is widely employed in the field of image denoising due to its flexibility and efficiency. It calculates the weights of neighboring pixels based on both spatial and grayscale distances from the pixel to be denoised. By incorporating the information of neighboring pixels through a weighted average, it reduces the disparity between the target pixel and its neighbors, achieving the goal of denoising.

Sustained in situ protein production and release in the mammalian gut by an engineered bacteriophage.

Oral administration of biologic drugs is challenging because of the degradative activity of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Strategies that use engineered microbes to produce biologics in the lower gastrointestinal tract are limited by competition with resident commensal bacteria. Here we demonstrate the engineering of bacteriophage (phage) that infect resident commensals to express heterologous proteins released during cell lysis.

Low miR-224-5p in exosomes confers colorectal cancer 5-FU resistance by upregulating S100A4.

This study aimed to identify molecular markers that mediate 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). Exosomes from 5-FU resistant CRC cells (HCT-15/FU) significantly enhanced the resistance to 5-FU and the malignant properties of HCT-15 cells. Double screening of miRNAs in CRC cell-exosomes and serum-exosomes from clinical CRC patients revealed that miR-224-5p was expressed at significantly lower levels in the 5-FU resistant type than in the 5-FU sensitive type.

Stabilizing lattice oxygen interface with dual-functional NiFeO coating and Ni/Fe co-doping strategy towards high-performance sodium-ion layered oxide cathodes.

P2-NaMnFeNiO (MNF811) has garnered considerable attention due to its low cost and high energy density, while the poor structural and air stability and lattice oxygen evolution lead to undesirable electrochemical performance. Here, a NiFeO surface coating triggering a Ni/Fe co-doping strategy has been reported to suppress lattice oxygen evolution, eliminate poor air stability and mitigate the detrimental P2-OP4 phase transition. Furthermore, the NiFeO coating layer with air stability protects P2-NaMnFeNiO (MFN811@NF) cathode from reacting with moist air, and endows the P2-NaMnFeNiO electrode with three-dimensional fast sodium-ion diffusion channels and stable cathode/electrolyte interface (CEI), benefiting from the NiFeO coating layer.

Relationship between dietary consumption of live microbes with mortality in adults with chronic kidney disease.

Background: The connection between gut dysbiosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized, but, the effect of dietary intake of live microbes on the prognosis of CKD is still unclear. This analysis examined the relationship of dietary live microbe intake with mortality among adults with CKD.

Methods: For this study, information was gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018, which included 8725 adult participants with CKD.

Body weight-range based initial dosing of ustekinumab in Crohn's disease: Is it an ideal approach?

Background & Aims: The initial intravenous dose of ustekinumab (UST) for treating Crohn's disease (CD) is recommended based on body weight ranges for clinical convenience. However, patients whose body weight nears the upper threshold may receive a relatively lower dose (<6 mg/kg) based on current dosage calculations. We aimed to investigate whether the body weight-range based dosing calculation method for UST may lead to suboptimal therapeutic doses and then impact effectiveness, particularly in patients with borderline weight.

The 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy Modulates Lipid Production by Protein Kinase B/JunD-Mediated NR4A1 Activation in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris.

Severe acne vulgaris is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting individuals worldwide, with abnormal sebaceous gland function closely linked to its pathogenesis. The 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is an effective and safe treatment for severe acne; however, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. In this study, we first noted a decrease in lipid production after ALA-PDT in patients with acne, acne-like mouse models, and the human immortalized sebocyte cell line XL-i-20.

Mechanistic insights into 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for acne vulgaris: targeting lipogenesis via the OLR1-Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Acne vulgaris, a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder, is often characterized by hyperactive sebaceous glands and excessive sebum production, presenting a significant therapeutic challenge. While 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is clinically effective in treating moderate to severe acne, the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the impact of ALA-PDT on lipid metabolism in an acne-like mouse model and in immortalized human sebocytes (XL-i-20), focusing on the role of the OLR1-Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Melatonin Ameliorates Age-Related Sarcopenia via the Gut-Muscle Axis Mediated by Serum Lipopolysaccharide and Metabolites.

Background: Sarcopenia affects the quality of life and increases adverse outcomes in the elderly. However, as a potential safe and effective remedy to many age-related disorders, little is known about the protective effect of melatonin against sarcopenia, especially the underlying mechanisms of pathophysiology related to the gut-muscle axis.

Methods: The young (4 months) and old-aged (24 months) wild-type C57BL/6J male mice were included in this study, of which the old-aged mice in the experimental group were treated with 10 mg/kg/day of melatonin for 16 weeks.

Water-Resistant Poly(ethylene oxide) Electrospun Membranes Enabled by In Situ UV-Cross-Linking for Efficient Daytime Radiative Cooling.

Daytime radiative cooling, based on selective infrared emissions through atmospheric transparency windows to outer space and the reflection of solar irradiance, is a zero-energy and environmentally friendly cooling technology. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrospun membranes have both selective mid-infrared emissions and effective sunlight reflection, inducing excellent daytime radiative cooling performance. However, PEO is highly water soluble, which makes electrospun PEO membranes unable to cope with rainy conditions when used for outdoor daytime radiative cooling.

MDA-DETR: Enhancing Offending Animal Detection with Multi-Channel Attention and Multi-Scale Feature Aggregation.

Conflicts between humans and animals in agricultural and settlement areas have recently increased, resulting in significant resource loss and risks to human and animal lives. This growing issue presents a global challenge. This paper addresses the detection and identification of offending animals, particularly in obscured or blurry nighttime images.

Maize kernel nutritional quality-an old challenge for modern breeders.

This article offers a comprehensive overview of the starch, protein, oil, and carotenoids content in maize kernels, while also outlining future directions for research in this area. Maize is one of the most important cereal crops globally. Maize kernels serve as a vital source of feed and food, and their nutritional quality directly impacts the dietary intake of both animals and humans.