Phytochemical investigation of Jie-Geng-Tang and regulatory role in the TNF-α pathway in mitigating pulmonary fibrosis using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.

Jie-Geng-Tang (JGT), composed of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for its potential effects in preventing pulmonary fibrosis (PF).

TMT-Based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals age-related changes in eggshell matrix proteins and their correlation with eggshell quality in Xinyang blue-shelled laying hens.

The decline in eggshell quality with increasing hen age may be related to changes in ultrastructure and chemical composition, with matrix proteins playing key roles in these changes. However, research on blue-shelled eggs remains limited. This study investigated the effects of hen age (35, 55, 75, and 85 weeks) on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of eggshells in the Xinyang blue-shelled laying hens, as well as their ultrastructural and nanostructural characteristics.

Ontogeny and function of the intestinal epithelial and innate immune cells during early development of chicks: to explore in ovo immunomodulatory nutrition.

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and innate immune cells in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chickens play crucial roles in pathogens defense and maintaining gut health. However, their effectiveness influenced with their developmental and functional stages during pre and post hatch periods of chick. During embryonic development, differentiation and migration of these innate immune systems are tightly regulated by diverse cellular and molecular factors.

Biochar application strategies mediating the soil temperature, moisture and salinity during the crop seedling stage in Mollisols.

It is well known that biochar remarkably changes the fertility and quality in degraded soils, however, it's still not clear how homogeneous application (HA) and bottom concentrated application of biochar (CA) influences soil moisture (SM), soil temperature (ST) and salts during crops seedling stage. In this study, both HA and CA combining with four levels of 0 (CK), 10 (CA1/HA1), 20 (CA2/HA2) and 40 t ha (CA3/HA3) were used to reveal how biochar affects SM, ST and soil electrical conductivity (EC) at seedling stage (spring) of maize in moderately degraded Mollisols. The results showed that, the speed of daily ST increase was only significantly slower in CA1 than in CK during the warming stage, performing a "hysteresis effect".

Economic evaluation of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination programs in Qinghai and Hainan provinces, China.

Background: The burden of pneumococcal disease varies regionally in China, disproportionately affecting children in many provinces such as Qinghai and Hainan. Nevertheless, the absence of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in the National Immunization Program (NIP) or local programs presents limited coverage. This study evaluated the health and economic impact of including PCV in immunization programs in Qinghai and Hainan.

Electric-Field-Induced Switchable Two-Dimensional Altermagnets.

Altermagnetism, as a recently discovered unconventional antiferromagnetism, allows the lifting of spin degeneracy without net magnetization. The spin splitting of the intrinsic altermagnets is protected by the spin space group symmetry and is therefore difficult to control externally. Here, we propose an extrinsic altermagnet as a complement to the intrinsic altermagnet, whose spin splitting is induced by and can be significantly modulated by the electric field.

Phytobiotics in poultry: revolutionizing broiler chicken nutrition with plant-derived gut health enhancers.

As the global population continues to expand, the demand for broiler chicken production to supply safe and high-quality meat is increasing. To meet this ever-growing demand, broiler chickens with enhanced growth performance are being developed, but they often face challenges related to oxidative stress, which can adversely affect gut health. Phytobiotics, which are plant-derived feed additives known for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, immune-modulating, and growth-promoting properties, have emerged as promising natural alternatives to synthetic antibiotics.

Optimizing selenium-enriched yeast supplementation in laying hens: Enhancing egg quality, selenium concentration in eggs, antioxidant defense, and liver health.

This study evaluated the effects of selenium-enriched yeast (SY) supplementation at various levels on health and production parameters in laying hens, including egg production, egg quality, selenium (Se) concentrations in eggs, liver health, serum biochemical markers, antioxidant function, and immune responses. A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown hens (28 weeks old) were randomly assigned to four dietary groups with six replicates of 15 birds each, monitored over a 12-week feeding trial after a two-week acclimatization period. The dietary groups included a control (basal diet without selenium) and three SY-supplemented groups with Se levels of 0.

Construction of Isochromanones via Hemin-Catalyzed Phenol-Enamine Oxidative Annulation.

We have developed a hemin-catalyzed biomimetic oxidative annulation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid with an array of cyclic enamines to form isochromanones in good to excellent yields and high regioselectivity. This formal [4+2] cycloaddition protocol showed high efficiency and remarkable functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies indicate the involvement of a single-electron oxidation pathway.

Fabrication and X-ray microtomography of sandwich-structured PEEK implants for skull defect repair.

Bone defects pose a significant risk to human health. Medical polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an excellent implant material for bone defect repair, but it faces the challenge of bone osteoconduction and osseointegration. Osteoconduction describes the process by which bone grows on the surface of the implant, while osseointegration is the stable anchoring of the implant achieved by direct contact between the bone and the implant.

Raising the Bar: Progress in 3D-Printed Hybrid Bone Scaffolds for Clinical Applications: A Review.

Damage to bones resulting from trauma and tumors poses a significant challenge to human health. Consequently, current research in bone damage healing centers on developing three-dimensional (3D) scaffolding materials that facilitate and enhance the regeneration of fractured bone tissues. In this context, the careful selection of materials and preparation processes is essential for creating demanding scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

Regional Disparities, Economic Development, and Neonatal Mortality and Hospital Delivery in China.

Importance: A negative association between neonatal mortality and hospital delivery has been found in some low- and lower-middle-income countries but not in rural settings characterized by poor quality of maternal and child health care.

Objective: To examine the association between neonatal mortality and hospital delivery in China across urban and rural regions, regional disparities, and varying levels of economic development.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study used county-level data from 2008 to 2020 from the National Maternal & Child Health Statistics across mainland China.

Methionine and vitamin E supplementation improve production performance, antioxidant potential, and liver health in aged laying hens.

Sulfur metabolites of methionine (Met) and vitamin E (VE) have antioxidant potential and can maintain liver health in chickens. This study explored the underlying mechanisms of Met sources, the ratio of total sulfur amino acids to lysine (TSAA: Lys), and VE levels on production performances, antioxidant potential, and hepatic oxidation in aged laying hens. Eight hundred and sixty-four, Hy-Line Brown laying hens (70-week age) were divided into 12 treatment groups, each having 6 repeats and 12 birds/each repeat.

Dietary sodium sulfate supplementation improves eggshell quality, uterine ion transportation and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in laying hens.

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of dietary sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) supplementation on eggshell quality, uterine ion transportation, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis.

Methods: A total of 432 48-wk-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 6 dietary treatments with 8 replicates of 9 birds each. The experimental laying hens were fed the corn-soybean meal diets (containing 0.

Cut-and-Paste: Subject-driven video editing with attention control.

This paper presents a novel framework termed Cut-and-Paste for real-word semantic video editing under the guidance of text prompt and additional reference image. While the text-driven video editing has demonstrated remarkable ability to generate highly diverse videos following given text prompts, the fine-grained semantic edits are hard to control by plain textual prompt only in terms of object details and edited region, and cumbersome long text descriptions are usually needed for the task. We therefore investigate subject-driven video editing for more precise control of both edited regions and background preservation, and fine-grained semantic generation.

A rate of penetration (ROP) prediction method based on improved dung beetle optimization algorithm and BiLSTM-SA.

In the field of oil drilling, accurately predicting the Rate of Penetration (ROP) is crucial for improving drilling efficiency and reducing costs. Traditional prediction methods and existing machine learning approaches often lack accuracy and generalization capabilities, leading to suboptimal results in practical applications. This study proposes an end-to-end ROP prediction model based on BiLSTM-SA-IDBO, which integrates Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), a Self-Attention mechanism (SA), and an Improved Dung Beetle Optimization algorithm (IDBO), incorporating the Bingham physical equation.

Ganglion Impar Neurolysis to Treat Refractory Chronic Pain From Vulvar Cancer: A Case Report.

Cancer pain treatment currently consists of the administration of pain medications, radiation therapy, tumor ablation as well as neurolytic plexus blocks. Neurolytic plexus blocks target both sensory afferent fibers and sympathetic fibers innervating visceral organs. Finding the right block for a specific type and location of cancer-related pain is crucial for the successful control of pain.

P-phenylenediamines (PPDs) and 6PPD-quinone in tunnel PM: From the perspective of characterization, emission factors, and health risks.

P-phenylenediamines (PPDs) and a quinone derivative (6PPD-Q), as antioxidants added to tires, can inevitably enter into the environment during tire wear emission, posing potential health and ecological risks. However, investigation on their pollution characteristics in PM is still lacking, especially for high-pollution scenarios, such as tunnels. Herein, we investigated the pollution characteristics and emission factors, as well as the correlation analysis and daily intakes of PM-bound PPDs and 6PPD-Q in tunnel.

Characterization of natural and anthropogenic dissolved organic matter in the yangtze river basin using FT-ICR MS.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture that plays a crucial role in global carbon cycling and climate dynamics. Understanding the chemical composition of DOM is crucial for studying its biogeochemical behavior. However, identifying individual DOM molecules is challenging.