Objectives: The disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) is associated with poor outcomes of TBI patients. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1pr2), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is involved in endothelial activation and the regulation of vascular integrity. We hypothesized that the inhibition of S1pr2 may alleviate BBB disruption and explored potential underlying molecular mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe specific protective mechanism of mitophagy and Nrf2 in brain injury has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to reveal the effect of Nrf2 on hydraulic shock brain injury in mice, and explore its possible mechanism. Twenty-four Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) and wild-type mice (WT) of C57BL/6J were randomly divided into two groups: control group (C) and brain injury group (TBI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroglial activation and subsequent inflammatory responses are critical processes in aggravating secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Pterostilbene (3', 5'-dimethoxy-resveratrol) features antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties and has been proven neuroprotective. In this study, we aimed to explore whether Pterostilbene could attenuate neuroinflammation after experimental ICH, as well as underlying molecular mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Aneurysms occurring in the ophthalmic segment (C6) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) have complex anatomy. This poses a challenge for the use of traditional open surgery, which is gradually being replaced by endovascular treatment (EVT). However, multiple aneurysm (MA) EVT, especially in MAs occurring ipsilaterally, has not been specifically described or discussed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStent retriever thrombectomy (SRT) is one of the most effective methods for the recanalization of acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO). The proatlantal intersegmental artery (PIA) is a rare carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis. Recognition of this rare form of anastomosis is particularly important for the rapid establishment of positive blood flow in patients with ABAO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Intracranial aneurysms associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a rare condition in the clinic, and treatment is very difficult due to their particular anatomical features. We present our experience in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms with AVMs and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endovascular treatment combined with microsurgical resection (the hybrid operation).
Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study in our neurosurgical department from January 2015 to January 2021.
Exercise training has profound effects on the renin-angiotensin system, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, all of which affect autonomic nervous system activity and regulate blood pressure (BP) in both physiological and pathophysiological states. Using the Induction-Delay-Expression paradigm, our previous studies demonstrated that various challenges (stressors) during Induction resulted in hypertensive response sensitization (HTRS) during Expression. The present study tested whether voluntary exercise would protect against subpressor angiotensin (ANG) II-induced HTRS in rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHemorrhagic shock is associated with activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Previous studies demonstrated that central RAS activation produced by various challenges sensitizes angiotensin (Ang) II-elicited hypertension and that ERS contributes to the development of neurogenic hypertension. The present study investigated whether controlled hemorrhage could sensitize Ang II-elicited hypertension and whether the brain RAS and ERS mediate this sensitization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), usually expressed at astrocytes end-feet, is a main component of the lymph-lymphatic system and promotes paravascular cerebrospinal fluid-interstitial fluid exchange. Moreover, angiotensin II type 1 (AT) receptor affects amyloid β (Aβ) levels. This study aimed to detect the effect of AT receptor deficiency on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of traumatic brain injury (TBI) mice and the effect on Aβ level and glial lymphatic circulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeveral reports suggest that hydrogen sulfide (HS) exerts multiple biological and physiological effects on the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the exact molecular mechanism involved in this effect is not yet fully known. In this study, we found that HS alleviated TBI-induced motor and spatial memory deficits, brain pathology, and brain edema.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe glymphatic pathway has been shown to be impaired in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Omega-3 polysaturated fatty acids (Omega-3, PUFAs) are involved in the clearance of amyloid-ß through the glymphatic system and this effect is Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) dependent. We hypothesize that Omega-3 PUFAs can alleviate neurological impairment in TBI by protecting the glymphatic pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the tumorigenesis of glioma. Our study indicated that low hsa_circ_0008225 expression was associated with poor overall survival in patients with glioma. However, the relevant mechanism of hsa_circ_0008225 in glioma tumorigenesis remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of the present study was to was investigate the treatment efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combined with nimodipine on diffuse brain injury. AA total of 80 patients with diffuse brain injury were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, conventional treatment; Group B, conventional treatment + nimodipine; Group C, conventional treatment + HBO therapy and Group D, conventional treatment + nimodipine + HBO therapy. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels were assessed before treatment and at 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aims: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex neurological injury in young adults lacking effective treatment. Emerging evidences suggest that inflammation contributes to the secondary brain injury following TBI, including breakdown of the blood brain barrier (BBB), subsequent edema and neurological deterioration. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) has been identified as a key cytokine in the inflammation reaction following TBI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant cancer in the brain with a median survival time of approximately one year. However, the mechanisms underlying GBM development and occurrence are poorly understood. Recently, miRNAs were reported to play important roles in GBM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a common subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. However, few studies have examined the effects of diabetes on the recovery from ICH-induced brain injury. Therefore, we examined the effects of diabetes on protein levels of aquaporins, neuronal loss, angiogenesis, blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and neurological deficits following intra-DH collagenase-induced ICH in the hippocampus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCerebral aneurysm is a bulging of the artery inside the brain that results from a weakened or thin area of the artery wall. Ruptured cerebral aneurysm could lead to serious brain damage or even death, thus the proper treatment is essential. Compared with the conventional microsurgical clipping approach, the endovascular coiling treatment has many advantages, however, with a major disadvantage of high recurrence rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) belongs to the FGF superfamily and functions as a potential oncoprotein in GBM. FGF2 has low molecular weight (18K) and high molecular weight (HMW) isoforms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResveratrol is a naturally occurring phytoalexin found in red grapes, and believed to have neuroprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. But little is known about its effect on the neural impairments induced by microglial over-activation, which leads to neuroinflammation and multiple pathophysiological damages. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of resveratrol on the impairments of neural development by microglial over-activation insult.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFColloids Surf B Biointerfaces
May 2015
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening disease that causes high morbidity and mortality. Pirfenidone is a SAH drug that prevents secondary bleeding and cerebral infarction. To improve its therapeutic efficacy, this study aimed to employ a functionalized graphene oxide nanosheet (FGO) as a drug carrier loading pirfenidone to treat SAH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, we examined the effectiveness of percutaneous injected fibrin glue as a treatment for frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea in a series of 4 cases. All 4 patients had fracture in the posterior wall of the frontal sinus. The anterior wall of the frontal sinus was punctured following high-resolution computed tomography imaging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao
April 2008
Objective: To investigate the changes of protein kinase C (PKC) activity and its role in the development of presyrinx state in rabbits.
Methods: Presyrinx state was established in 56 rabbits by intra-cisternal injection of kaolin. At 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after the injection, the water content in the upper cervical spinal cord was measured, its pathological changes observed microscopically and the PKC activity determined with substrate phosphorolysis kinase assay.