35-fs diode-pumped mode-locked ytterbium-doped multi-component alkaline-earth fluoride laser.

We demonstrate direct generation of sub-40 fs pulses from a diode-pumped mode-locked laser using an ytterbium-yttrium codoped multi-component alkaline-earth fluoride crystal and a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. The Yb,Y:(Ca,Sr)F laser delivers soliton pulses as short as 35 fs at 1056.7 nm, with an average output power of 182 mW at a repetition rate of ∼65.

Molecular and biological characteristics of two rare bloodstream Candida isolates: Candida nonsorbophila and Candida sonorensis.

Background: The incidence of new infections caused by rare Candida species has been steadily increasing, particularly in immunocompromised patients. This study investigates two rare Candida species responsible for Candida bloodstream infections and explores their molecular characteristics.

Methods: Clinical Candida strains were continuously isolated from the lower respiratory tract and blood specimens of a patient.

A Novel Disulfidptosis-Related Diagnostic Gene Signature and Differential Expression Validation in Ischaemic Cardiomyopathy.

Ischaemic cardiomyopathy (IC) predominantly arises from prolonged deprivation of oxygen in the coronary arteries, resulting in compromised cardiac contractility or relaxation. This study investigates the role of disulfidptosis-associated genes (DiGs) in IC. Through the analysis of datasets GSE5406 and GSE57338, we explored the association between DiGs and immune characteristics to identify crucial genes contributing to IC development.

Haplotype-based analysis distinguishes maternal-fetal genetic contribution to pregnancy-related outcomes.

Genotype-based approaches for the estimation of SNP-based narrow-sense heritability ([Formula: see text]) have limited utility in pregnancy-related outcomes due to confounding by the shared alleles between mother and child. Here, we propose a haplotype-based approach to estimate the genetic variance attributable to three haplotypes - maternal transmitted ([Formula: see text]), maternal non-transmitted ([Formula: see text]) and paternal transmitted ([Formula: see text]) in mother-child pairs. We show through extensive simulations that our haplotype-based approach outperforms the conventional and contemporary approaches for resolving the contribution of maternal and fetal effects, particularly when m1 and p1 have different effects in the offspring.

Healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitude and practice towards ischemic bowel disease.

Background: Ischemic bowel disease (IBD) is a critical condition caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines, leading to tissue damage and potentially severe complications. Early recognition and timely management are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with IBD.

Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of healthcare professionals regarding IBD.

Molecularly imprinted nanoparticles hitchhiking on neutrophils for precise treatment of ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke (IS), the most prevalent type of stroke worldwide, is associated with a variety of complex processes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. Recent findings indicate that inhibiting iron overload as a key regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis profoundly influences the pathogenesis and treatment of IS. In addition, enhanced blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and precise targeting of the ischaemic site contribute to improved therapeutic outcomes in IS.

LoG-staging: a rectal cancer staging method with LoG operator based on maximization of mutual information.

Deep learning methods have been migrated to rectal cancer staging as a classification process based on magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Typical approaches suffer from the imperceptible variation of images from different stage. The data augmentation also introduces scale invariance and rotation consistency problems after converting MRIs to 2D visible images.

A photo- and cobalt-catalyzed highly selective and divergent hydrofunctionalization of 1,3-dienes with phenols.

An applicable cobalt-hydride-mediated selective, divergent hydroetherification and sequential hydroetherification/hydroarylation of 1,3-dienes with simple phenol feedstocks under a photoredox and cobalt catalytic system have been developed. A variety of allyl aryl ethers and value-added chroman derivatives can be obtained in good to excellent yields and stereoselectivity. This method not only obviates the need for extra hydrosilanes and stoichiometric oxidants, thereby offering exceedingly mild conditions for alkene hydroetherification, but also represents the first case of CoH-HAT-catalyzed sequential double hydrofunctionalization of alkenes with a sole nucleophile.

Immunogenic cuproptosis in cancer immunotherapy via an in situ cuproptosis-inducing system.

Cell death-based therapies combined with immunotherapy have great potential in cancer therapy. To further explore and apply the combined therapies, the immunogenicity of different cell death modes in colorectal cancer (CRC) was evaluated by a cause-and-effect framework encompassing 12 cell death modes. Results show robust correlations among cuproptosis, immunogenic cell death (ICD) and immunity in CRC, as observed in our in-house and other independent cohorts, which are substantiated by in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Development and application of a binary medium bond contact model for calcareous sands.

In the construction process of islands and reefs in the South China Sea, calcareous sand, as an important foundation and building material, has been widely used in engineering practice. It is crucial to explore the mechanical properties of calcareous sands to ensure the stability and maintenance of these islands and reefs. To study the effects of the bonding progressive failure on its macroscopic mechanical properties, a binary media bonding contact model is developed.

Identification of Cardiometabolic Protein Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Olink Proteomics.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a critical cardiovascular event characterized by sudden coronary blood flow interruption, leading to myocardial ischemia and necrosis. Despite advances in acute therapeutic measures, understanding the metabolic damage related to AMI, particularly through specific protein expressions, remains limited. This study utilized Olink cardiovascular metabolomics technology to explore cardiovascular metabolism-related protein biomarkers associated with AMI, aiming to address the clinical need for early diagnosis and targeted therapy.

Novel post-translational modification learning signature reveals B4GALT2 as an immune exclusion regulator in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) presents significant challenges in prognosis and treatment efficacy evaluation. While post-translational modifications are known to influence tumor progression, their prognostic value in LUAD remains largely unexplored.

Methods: We developed a post-translational modification learning signature (PTMLS) using machine learning techniques, analyzing data from 1231 LUAD patients across seven global cohorts.

Synthesis and evaluation of a targeted PET radioligand [F]FCOB02 for monoamine oxidase B.

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is a membrane-bound flavinase that plays an important role in the regulation of monoamine neurotransmission. Positron emission tomography (PET) provides a way to study the molecular mechanisms of MAO-B-related diseases and to evaluate the effects of drugs. In this study, we designed and synthesized [F]FCOB02, a 4-methylcoumarin-like targeting probe.

KGRDR: a deep learning model based on knowledge graph and graph regularized integration for drug repositioning.

Computational drug repositioning, serving as an effective alternative to traditional drug discovery plays a key role in optimizing drug development. This approach can accelerate the development of new therapeutic options while reducing costs and mitigating risks. In this study, we propose a novel deep learning-based framework KGRDR containing multi-similarity integration and knowledge graph learning to predict potential drug-disease interactions.

OTFS Radar Waveform Design Based on Information Theory.

In this work, we consider the waveform design for radar systems based on orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS). The conditional mutual information (CMI), chosen as a promising metric for assessing the radar cognitive capability, serves as the criterion for OTFS waveform design. After formulating the OTFS waveform design problem based on maximizing CMI, we propose an equivalent waveform processing approach by minimizing the autocorrelation sidelobes and cross-correlations (ASaCC) of the OTFS transmitting matrix.

Effects of Extrusion on the Available Energy and Nutrient Digestibility of Wheat and Its Application in Weaned Piglets.

Experiments were designed to investigate the effect of extrusion on the available energy and nutrient digestibility of wheat, and to further evaluate the effects of incorporating extruded wheat into the diet on growth performance, diarrhea rates, health status, and fecal microbiota of weaned piglets. In Exp. 1, twelve crossbred barrows, with an initial body weight (BW) of 12.

[A joint distillation model for the tumor segmentation using breast ultrasound images].

The accurate segmentation of breast ultrasound images is an important precondition for the lesion determination. The existing segmentation approaches embrace massive parameters, sluggish inference speed, and huge memory consumption. To tackle this problem, we propose T KD Attention U-Net (dual-Teacher Knowledge Distillation Attention U-Net), a lightweight semantic segmentation method combined double-path joint distillation in breast ultrasound images.

Regulating chemoresistance and cancer stemness: the CDH17-YAP pathway in distinct cellular states of lung cancer CTC clusters.

Background: Drug resistance in metastatic lung cancer significantly contributes to patient mortality. This study explores the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the precursors to metastasis, in driving this resistance. We aim to delineate the unique biological traits of CTC clusters in lung cancer and elucidate the mechanisms underlying their resistance to chemotherapy.

Modeling diabetic cardiomyopathy using human cardiac organoids: Effects of high glucose and lipid conditions.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complex metabolic disorder resulting from chronic hyperglycemia and lipid toxicity, which leads to cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial impairment. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and animal models have limitations in replicating human cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. In this study, we successfully developed a three-dimensional (3D) model of DCM using cardiac organoids generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).

Spatial-temporal variations of stroke mortality worldwide from 2000 to 2021.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Spatial-temporal characteristics are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. However, long-term global variations of stroke are still lacking.

Association of body composition with left ventricular remodeling and outcomes in diabetic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: assessment of sarcopenic obesity using cardiac MRI.

Background: Obesity is common in the heart failure (HF) population and is regarded as an important risk factor for developing HF. Greater skeletal muscle mass has shown to be the underlying protective factor against cardiac failure. Since diabetic mellitus (DM) can impair muscle protein metabolism, leading to skeletal muscle wasting, accompanied by adipose tissue accumulation, sarcopenic obesity (SO) may be a high-risk phenotype with poor outcomes in this specific population, especially in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

The organic acid metabolites of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. iuvenis alleviate ultraviolet irradiation-induced photoaging.

Exploring natural antiphotoaging agents is highly desirable. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. iuvenis (Bl.

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Middle Ear and Mastoid in Children: Experience of the Beijing Children's Hospital-BCH.

Objectives: To conduct a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics and prognosis of rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear and mastoid (MERMS) in children.

Methods: Treatment and outcome of 37 children with MERMS from Beijing Children's Hospital (July 2016-April 2023) were evaluated.

Results: The median age of this cohort was 54 months.

The Anti-lung Cancer Mechanism of Qingzao Jiufei Decoction was Studied based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Verification.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with both its incidence and mortality rates ranking at the top position among all types of cancers, posing a serious threat to human health. Qingzao Jiufei Decoction (QD) has been used clinically to treat lung cancer, but its mechanism of action remains unclear.

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the potential pharmacological mechanisms of QD in treating LC through network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS), and animal experiment validation.

Loss of MNX1 Sensitizes Tumors to Cytotoxic T Cells by Degradation of PD-L1 mRNA.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, targeting programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) axis and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), has exhibited amazing clinical outcomes in various types of cancers. However, only a small portion of patients benefit from ICB therapy, indicating that the mechanism underlying immune checkpoint is still unclear. Here, it is reported that motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1 (MNX1), a homeobox domain-containing transcription factor, contributes to the tumor immune escape.