Environmental factors influencing the development and spread of resistance in erythromycin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae.

Bacterial drug resistance is becoming increasingly serious, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the resistance rate of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and reasons for the epidemic under complex geographical and climatic factors in China. Data spanning from 2014 to 2021, including drug resistance rates, isolate rates, meteorological variables, and demographic statistics, were collected from the China Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, the China Statistical Yearbook and China Meteorological Website. Our analysis involved nonparametric tests and the construction of multifaceted regression models for rigorous multivariate analysis.

Factors affecting the effectiveness and safety of polymyxin B in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections: A meta-analysis of 96 articles.

Purpose: Polymyxin B, with its unique structure and mechanism of action, has emerged as a key therapeutic agent against Gram-negative bacteria. The study aims to explore potential factors to influence its effectiveness and safety.

Methods: A model-based meta-analysis of 96 articles was conducted, focusing on factors like dosage, bacterial species, and combined antibiotic therapy.

Analyzing the correlation between quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli resistance rates and climate factors: A comprehensive analysis across 31 Chinese provinces.

Background: The increasing problem of bacterial resistance, particularly with quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QnR eco) poses a serious global health issue.

Methods: We collected data on QnR eco resistance rates and detection frequencies from 2014 to 2021 via the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, complemented by meteorological and socioeconomic data from the China Statistical Yearbook and the China Meteorological Data Service Centre (CMDC). Comprehensive nonparametric testing and multivariate regression models were used in the analysis.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome with CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Signals from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Background And Objective: Although tumor lysis syndrome was reported with obinutuzumab and rituximab, the association with CD20 monoclonal antibodies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia is unclear.

Methods: A disproportionality analysis was conducted to investigate the link between CD20 monoclonal antibodies and tumor lysis syndrome by accounting for known confounders and comparing with other anticancer drugs, using data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. Reporting odds ratios and the information component were calculated as disproportionality measures.

The Involvement of PGRMC1 Signaling in Cognitive Impairment Induced by Long-Term Clozapine Treatment in Rats.

Introduction: Progesterone receptor component 1 (PGRMC1) has been identified as a potential target in atypical antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic disturbances as well as neuroprotection in the central nervous system. In our study, we aimed to figure out the essential role of PGRMC1 signaling pathway underlying clozapine-induced cognitive impairment.

Methods: In male SD rats, we utilized recombinant adeno-associated viruses (BBB 2.

The pharmacology and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting liver regeneration: A new therapeutic option.

Background: The liver is renowned for its remarkable regenerative capacity to restore its structure, size and function after various types of liver injury. However, in patients with end-stage liver disease, the regenerative capacity is inhibited and liver transplantation is the only option. Considering the limitations of liver transplantation, promoting liver regeneration is suggested as a new therapeutic strategy for liver disease.

Olanzapine-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The effects of differential food pattern and the involvement of PGRMC1 signaling.

Detrimental dietary habits with high-fat food are common in the psychiatric population, leading to higher obesity rate. Olanzapine (OLZ), as one of the mainstream antipsychotic drugs, shows superior efficacy in treating schizophrenia but limited by adverse effects such as obesity, dyslipidemia and liver injury, which are risk factors for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Progesterone receptor component 1 (PGRMC1) is a key regulator associated with antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic disorders.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic literature review of published case reports and disproportionality analysis based on the FAERS database.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) has been reported with ICIs but limited to case reports. The clinical features of PJP with ICIs remain mostly unknown. This study aims to investigate the association of PJP with ICIs and describe clinical features.

The Effect of Voriconazole on Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplantation Recipients: A Real-World Study.

Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant with a narrow therapeutic window. Tacrolimus exposure increased significantly during voriconazole co-therapy. The magnitude of this interaction is highly variable, but it is hard to predict quantitatively.

Do antibody-drug conjugates increase the risk of sepsis in cancer patients? A pharmacovigilance study.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) produce unparalleled efficacy in refractory neoplasms but can also lead to serious toxicities. Although ADC-related sepsis has been reported, the clinical features are not well characterized in real-world studies. The aim of this study was to identify the association between ADCs and sepsis using FAERS data and uncover the clinical characteristics of ADC-related sepsis.

Metabolic activation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: recent advance and further clinical practice.

At present, receptor tyrosine kinase signaling-related pathways have been successfully mediated to inhibit tumor proliferation and promote anti-angiogenesis effects for cancer therapy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), a group of novel chemotherapeutic agents, have been applied to treat diverse malignant tumors effectively. However, the latent toxic and side effects of TKIs, such as hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, limit their use in clinical practice.

Does Monitoring Total and Free Polymyxin B1 Plasma Concentrations Predict Polymyxin B-Induced Nephrotoxicity? A Retrospective Study in Critically Ill Patients.

Introduction: The correlation between total and free polymyxin B (PMB including PMB1 and PMB2) exposure in vivo and acute kidney injury (AKI) remains obscure. This study explores the relationships between plasma exposure of PMB1 and PMB2 and nephrotoxicity, and investigates the risk factors for PMB-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients.

Methods: Critically ill patients who used PMB and met the criteria were enrolled.

Dissecting the Crosstalk Between Nrf2 and NF-κB Response Pathways in Drug-Induced Toxicity.

Nrf2 and NF-κB are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. Previous pharmacological and genetic studies have confirmed crosstalk between the two. The deficiency of Nrf2 elevates the expression of NF-κB, leading to increased production of inflammatory factors, while NF-κB can affect the expression of downstream target genes by regulating the transcription and activity of Nrf2.

Clozapine Induced Disturbances in Hepatic Glucose Metabolism: The Potential Role of PGRMC1 Signaling.

Newly emerging evidence has implicated that progesterone receptor component 1 (PGRMC1) plays a novel role not only in the lipid disturbance induced by atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPD) but also in the deterioration of glucose homoeostasis induced by clozapine (CLZ) treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the role of PGRMC1 signaling on hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis in male rats following CLZ treatment (20 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks). Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) were constructed for the knockdown or overexpression of hepatic PGRMC1.

Factors Affecting Voriconazole Trough Concentration and Optimal Maintenance Voriconazole Dose in Chinese Children.

Voriconazole is a triazole antifungal agent commonly used for the treatment and prevention of invasive aspergillosis (IA). However, the study of voriconazole's use in children is limited. The present study was performed to explore maintenance dose to optimize voriconazole dosage in children and the factors affecting voriconazole trough concentration.

Does Prolonged Infusion Time Really Improve the Efficacy of Meropenem Therapy? A Prospective Study in Critically Ill Patients.

Introduction: Meropenem is a carbapenem antibiotic, which has demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity against gram-negative clinical isolates. It is also commonly used in critically ill patients. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of meropenem in critically ill patients and whether prolonged injection duration is really beneficial to meropenem therapy.

Metabolic Activation of the Toxic Natural Products From Herbal and Dietary Supplements Leading to Toxicities.

Currently, herbal and dietary supplements have been widely applied to prevent and treat various diseases. However, the potential toxicities and adverse reactions of herbal and dietary supplements have been increasingly reported, and have gradually attracted widespread attention from clinical pharmacists and physicians. Metabolic activation of specific natural products from herbal and dietary supplements is mediated by hepatic cytochrome P450 or intestinal bacteria, and generates chemical reactive/toxic metabolites that bind to cellular reduced glutathione or macromolecules, and form reactive metabolites-glutathione/protein/DNA adducts, and these protein/DNA adducts can result in toxicities.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Polymyxin B and Dosage Optimization in Renal Transplant Patients.

Currently, polymyxin B has been widely used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogen infections. Due to the limited pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data, the optimal dosage regimen for the recently proposed therapeutic target of the area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h in steady state divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration 50-100 mg⋅h/L has not yet been established. Moreover, most studies have focused on critically ill patients, yet there have been no studies in the field of renal transplantation.

A Novel Creatinine-Based Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate in Chinese Population With Chronic Kidney Disease: Implications for DOACs Dosing in Atrial Fibrillation Patients.

Over/under-estimating renal function may increase inappropriate dosing strategy associated adverse outcomes; however, previously reported equations to estimate renal function have limited accuracy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Consequently, we intended to develop a novel equation to precisely estimate renal function and subsequently guide clinical treatment for CKD patients. A novel approach, Xiangya-s equation, to estimate renal function for CKD patients was derived by linear regression analysis and validated in 1885 patients with measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.

Crizotinib and Sunitinib Induce Hepatotoxicity and Mitochondrial Apoptosis in L02 Cells via ROS and Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Considerable attention has been raised on crizotinib- and sunitinib-induced hepatotoxicity, but the underlying mechanisms need further examination. In addition, limited therapeutic strategies exist to reduce the liver damage caused by crizotinib and sunitinib. This study investigated the mechanisms of crizotinib- and sunitinib-induced hepatotoxicity and the potential mitigation through ROS and Nrf2 signaling.

Predictors of Adverse Events and Determinants of the Voriconazole Trough Concentration in Kidney Transplantation Recipients.

Voriconazole is the mainstay for the treatment of invasive fungal infections in patients who underwent a kidney transplant. Variant CYP2C19 alleles, hepatic function, and concomitant medications are directly involved in the metabolism of voriconazole. However, the drug is also associated with numerous adverse events.