Sphenoidal pneumosinus dilatans associated compressive optic neuropathy: A case series of four adolescent patients.

Visual impairment caused by pneumosinus dilatans (PSD) among adolescents is a rare condition, which is associated with a high blinding rate due to the lack of clinical manifestations and effective treatment. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) may be helpful in diagnosis of PSD, and the endoscopic transnasal optic nerve decompression (ETOND) can improve the vision of PSD patients with visual impairments. This case series report detailing the diagnosis and treatment of visual impairments caused by PSD has improved clinicians' understanding of this disease and helped reduce misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses.

HIV-1-envelope trimer transitions from prefusion-closed to CD4-bound-open conformations through an occluded-intermediate state.

HIV-1 infection is initiated by the interaction between the gp120 subunit in the envelope (Env) trimer and the cellular receptor CD4 on host cells. This interaction induces substantial structural rearrangement of the Env trimer. Currently, static structural information for prefusion-closed trimers, CD4-bound prefusion-open trimers, and various antibody-bound trimers is available.

Effect of melatonin on gut microbiome and metabolomics in diabetic cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Diabetic cognitive impairment(DCI) presents as a central nervous complication of diabetes especially among aging population. Melatonin (MEL) is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammation effects in neuroprotective aspects. Recent evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays a key role in DCI by modulating cognitive function through the gut-brain crosstalk.

Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics unveil potential links between gut microbial genera and colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant global health burden, with high incidence and mortality rates. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, early diagnosis remains critical for improved outcomes. Recent research has realized the important role of gut microbiota in CRC development, highlighting the need to elucidate potential relationships.

Exploring the shared pathogenic mechanisms of tuberculosis and COVID-19: emphasizing the role of VNN1 in severe COVID-19.

Background: In recent years, COVID-19 and tuberculosis have emerged as major infectious diseases, significantly contributing to global mortality as respiratory illnesses. There is increasing evidence of a reciprocal influence between these diseases, exacerbating their incidence, severity, and mortality rates.

Methods: This study involved retrieving COVID-19 and tuberculosis data from the GEO database and identifying common differentially expressed genes.

Clinical application value of simultaneous plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next generation sequencing in patients with pneumonia-derived sepsis.

Background: Despite the increasing use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in sepsis, identifying clinically relevant pathogens remains challenging. This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of simultaneous plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) detection using mNGS.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 95 patients with pneumonia-derived sepsis (PDS) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between October 2021 and January 2023.

Monitoring long-term cardiac activity with contactless radio frequency signals.

Cardiovascular diseases claim over 10 million lives annually, highlighting the critical need for long-term monitoring and early detection of cardiac abnormalities. Existing techniques like electrocardiograms (ECG) and Holter are accurate but suffer from discomfort caused by body-attached electrodes. While wearable devices using photoplethysmography offer more convenience, they sacrifice accuracy and are susceptible to environmental interference.

[Intestinal Polyp Segmentation Based on Histogram Equalization ResNet (PE-ResNet)].

Colonoscopy is an important technical means for screening early colorectal cancer lesions. Accurate segmentation of intestinal polyps helps improve the accuracy of screening. Early screening for lesions is of great significance for the prevention of colorectal cancer, and the segmentation of intestinal polyps is an important research direction.

Large Language Model Enhanced Logic Tensor Network for Stance Detection.

Social media platforms, rich in user-generated content, offer a unique perspective on public opinion, making stance detection an essential task in opinion mining. However, traditional deep neural networks for stance detection often suffer from limitations, including the requirement for large amounts of labeled data, uninterpretability of prediction results, and difficulty in incorporating human intentions and domain knowledge. This paper introduces the First-Order Logic Aggregated Reasoning framework (FOLAR), an innovative approach that integrates first-order logic (FOL) with large language models (LLMs) to enhance the interpretability and efficacy of stance detection.

Efficacy of enhanced dysphagia assessment and dietary intervention in post-stroke dysphagia patients: a randomized controlled study.

Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of an enhanced dysphagia assessment method combined with dietary interventions for patients experiencing dysphagia post-stroke.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted with 98 hospitalized post-stroke patients suffering from dysphagia. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: the study group (receiving enhanced dysphagia assessment and dietary interventions) and the control group (receiving standard nursing care), using a computer-generated randomization list.

Development of a Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Specific Detection of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.

Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Pdp) is characterised by high infectivity and mortality and wide distribution, resulting in substantial economic losses to the global aquaculture industry. Therefore, it is critical to develop a simple, rapid and accurate diagnostic method for Pdp detection.

Upregulation of ISG15 induced by MAPT/tau accumulation represses autophagic flux by inhibiting HDAC6 activity: a vicious cycle in alzheimer disease.

Alzheimer disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative condition in the elderly, is marked by a deficit in macroautophagy/autophagy, leading to intracellular MAPT/tau accumulation. While ISG15 (ISG15 ubiquitin like modifier) has been identified as a regulator of selective autophagy in ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), its role in AD remains unexplored. Our study reveals elevated ISG15 levels in the brains of patients with sporadic AD and AD models and .

Toward stakeholders' understanding of media reporting on doctor-patient relationship issues: trust, unfamiliarity and uncertainty in the Chinese context.

Introduction: This study explores doctors' and patients' understandings of citizen journalism on doctor-patient relationship issues. It also examines the communication effect of citizen journalism as a communication platform on doctors and patients who are taking part in the doctor-patient relationship in contemporary China.

Method: This study draws on the analysis of 24 semi-structured interviews with doctors from both publicly funded and privately operated hospital, and nine focus groups which included 36 patients with different socio-economic backgrounds.

Reliability evaluation of electric-gas-thermal coupling systems considering the post-fault operation modes of user-level integrated energy system.

The distribution network with user-level integrated energy systems (UIESs) represents a new form of future energy systems. Traditional reliability evaluation methods for distribution networks with multiple UIESs are no longer applicable due to their multi-energy coupling and island operation. To address this, a reliability evaluation method for electric-gas-thermal coupling systems with UIESs is introduced.

Surface plasmon-cavity hybrid state and its graphene modulation at THz frequencies.

Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavity and metal hole array are classic photonic devices. Integrating F-P cavity with holey metal typically enhances interfacial reflection and dampens wave transmission. In this work, a hybrid bound surface state is found within rectangular metal holes on a silicon substrate by merging an extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) mode and a high-order F-P cavity mode both spatially and spectrally.

Mucosal Hub Bacteria as Potential Targets for Improving High-Fat Diet-Related Intestinal Barrier Injury.

Intestinal barrier injury contributes to multiple diseases such as obesity and diabetes, whereas no treatment options are available. Due to close interactions between mucosal microbiome and intestinal barrier, we evaluated the potential of mucosal bacteria in providing targets for high-fat diet (HFD)-related intestinal barrier injury. Whole-genome metagenomics was used to evaluate mucosal microbiome, while intestinal barrier injury was estimated using serum LPS, FITC-dextran intensity, and ZO-1 protein.