Can IMERG QPE product capture the heavy rain on urban flood scale?

Urban areas are increasingly vulnerable to sudden flooding disasters caused by intense rainfall and high imperviousness degree, resulting in great economic losses and human casualties. Interactions between rainfall data and urban catchment characteristics highlight the urgent need of accurate and effective precipitation data to apply in reliable hydrological simulations. However, it remains a challenge to obtain accurate rainfall datasets on such small scales in urban areas.

Mediating Effect of Life Satisfaction on the Relationship between Hope and Internalizing/Externalizing Behaviors among Chinese Adolescents.

This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of life satisfaction in the relationship between hope and internalizing/externalizing behaviors among a sample of 1170 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 14.80 ± 1.76 years, 46.

Engineering photocatalytic ammonia synthesis.

Photocatalytic ammonia synthesis (PAS) is an emerging zero carbon emission technology, which is critical for mitigating energy crises and achieving carbon neutrality. Herein, we summarize the recent advances and challenges in PAS from an engineering perspective based on its whole chain process, , materials engineering, structure engineering and reaction engineering. For materials engineering, we discuss the commonly used photocatalytic materials including metal oxides, bismuth oxyhalides and graphitic carbon nitride and emerging materials, such as organic frameworks, along with the analysis of their characteristics and regulation methods to enhance the PAS performance.

Evaluation of Hydraulic Conductivity Estimates from Various Approaches with Groundwater Flow Models.

Significant efforts have been expended for improved characterization of hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (S) to better understand groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes. Conventional methods including grain size analyses (GSA), permeameter, slug, and pumping tests have been utilized extensively, while Direct Push-based Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT) surveys have been developed to obtain high-resolution K estimates. Moreover, inverse modeling approaches based on geology-based zonations, and highly parameterized Hydraulic Tomography (HT) have also been advanced to map spatial variations of K and S between and beyond boreholes.

Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks Anchoring Au Single Atoms for Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation.

The development of efficient photocatalysts for N fixation to produce NH under ambient conditions remains a great challenge. Since covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess predesignable chemical structures, good crystallinity, and high porosity, it is highly significant to explore their potential for photocatalytic nitrogen conversion. Herein, we report a series of isostructural porphyrin-based COFs loaded with Au single atoms (COFX-Au, X = 1-5) for photocatalytic N fixation.

Dual-Ligand Ti-MOFs with Push-Pull Effect for Photocatalytic H Production.

Enhancing the photogenerated electrons transfer efficiency is crucial for photocatalytic reactions. Herein, a dual-ligand-induced push-pull effect was manipulated to intensify the transfer of photogenerated electrons between organic ligands and metal clusters using NH-MIL-125(Ti), a kind of Ti-based metal-organic framework (MOF), as the model system. The dual-ligand MOF, NH/Cl-MIL-125, was designed and synthesized based on the Hammett constant (σ), in which -NH (σ = -0.

On-Surface Bottom-Up Construction of COF Nanoshells towards Photocatalytic H Production.

The rational design of an outer shell is of great significance to promote the photocatalytic efficiency of core-shell structured photocatalysts. Herein, a covalent organic framework (COF) nanoshell was designed and deposited on the cadmium sulfide (CdS) core surface. A typical COF material, TPPA, featuring exceptional stability, was synthesized through interfacial polymerization using 1, 3, 5-triformylphloroglucinol (TP) and p-phenylenediamine (PA) as monomers.

Longitudinal Link Between Bullying Victimization and Bullying Perpetration: A Multilevel Moderation Analysis of Perceived School Climate.

Existing theories and empirical studies have evidenced the association between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration. However, it is still unclear what factors mitigate or alter this risk linkage between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration to reduce bullying incidents. Guided by the social-ecological theory, this study used a longitudinal design to examine the moderating role of school climate in the association between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration at both the within-person and between-person levels among Chinese adolescents across a 1-year period.

Use of steady-state hydraulic tomography to inform the selection of a chaotic advection system.

The concept of chaotic advection is a novel approach that has the potential to overcome some of the challenges associated with mixing of reagents that commonly occur when injection based in situ treatment techniques are used. The rotated potential mixing (RPM) flow system is one configuration which has been theorized to achieve chaotic advection in porous media, and enhance reagent mixing by periodically re-oriented dipole pumping at a series of radial wells. Prior to field implementation of chaotic advection, the selection of an RPM flow protocol will likely require a numerical model that can adequately represent groundwater flow within the zone of interest.

Wearable Stretch Sensors for Motion Measurement of the Wrist Joint Based on Dielectric Elastomers.

Motion capture of the human body potentially holds great significance for exoskeleton robots, human-computer interaction, sports analysis, rehabilitation research, and many other areas. Dielectric elastomer sensors (DESs) are excellent candidates for wearable human motion capture systems because of their intrinsic characteristics of softness, light weight, and compliance. In this paper, DESs were applied to measure all component motions of the wrist joints.

Quantitative Detection of Trace Malachite Green in Aquiculture Water Samples by Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Exposure to malachite green (MG) may pose great health risks to humans; thus, it is of prime importance to develop fast and robust methods to quantitatively screen the presence of malachite green in water. Herein the application of extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) has been extended to the trace detection of MG within lake water and aquiculture water, due to the intensive use of MG as a biocide in fisheries. This method has the advantage of obviating offline liquid-liquid extraction or tedious matrix separation prior to the measurement of malachite green in native aqueous medium.

Differentiation of dried sea cucumber products from different geographical areas by surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

Without any sample pretreatment, mass spectral fingerprints of 486 dried sea cucumber slices were rapidly recorded in the mass range of m/z 50-800 by using surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DAPCI-MS). A set of 162 individual sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) grown up in 3 different geographical regions (Weihai: 59 individuals, 177 slices; Yantai: 53 individuals, 159 slices; Dalian: 50 individuals, 150 slices;) in north China sea were successfully differentiated according to their habitats both by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) of the mass spectral raw data, demonstrating that DAPCI-MS is a practically convenient tool for high-throughput differentiation of sea cucumber products. It has been found that the difference between the body wall tissue and the epidermal tissue is heavily dependent on the habitats.

Spectroscopic analysis of titanium surface functional groups under various surface modification and their behaviors in vitro and in vivo.

In the present study, surface functional groups of titanium surfaces gone through different treatments, including acid etched treatment (AE), nitric acid treatment (NT), heat treatment (HT), and alkali treatment (AT), and their behaviors in vitro and in vivo was thoroughly studied by spectroscopic analysis. In vitro and in vivo results revealed that the rank of bioactivity of various surfaces was AE < NT < HT < AT. XPS analysis indicated that AT greatly increased the OH group concentration on the titanium surface whereas HT reduced the OH group concentration.