GSDMD KNOCKOUT ALLEVIATES SEPSIS-ASSOCIATED SKELETAL MUSCLE ATROPHY BY INHIBITING IL18/AMPK SIGNALING.

Background: Sepsis commonly leads to skeletal muscle atrophy, characterized by substantial muscle weakness and degeneration, ultimately contributing to an adverse prognosis. Studies have shown that programmed cell death is an important factor in the progression of muscle loss in sepsis. However, the precise role and mechanism of pyroptosis in skeletal muscle atrophy are not yet fully comprehended.

Role of mesenchymal stem cells in sepsis and their therapeutic potential in sepsis‑associated myopathy (Review).

Sepsis‑induced myopathy (SIM) is one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients. SIM mainly involves the respiratory and skeletal muscles of patients, resulting in an increased risk of lung infection, aggravated respiratory failure, and prolonged mechanical ventilation and hospital stay. SIM is also an independent risk factor associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients.

Performance of trauma scoring systems in predicting mortality in geriatric trauma patients: comparison of the ISS, TRISS, and GTOS based on a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the performance of the Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), and the Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score (GTOS) in predicting mortality in geriatric trauma patients.

Methods: The MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched for studies published from January 2008 to October 2023. Studies assessing the performance of the ISS, TRISS, or GTOS in predicting mortality in geriatric trauma patients (over 60 years old) and reporting data for the analysis of the pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve (HSROC) were included.

FTO Deficiency Alleviates LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury by TXNIP/NLRP3-mediated Alveolar Epithelial Cell Pyroptosis.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) plays a role in various diseases, but it has rarely been reported in acute lung injury (ALI). The FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) protein can regulate mRNA metabolism by removing mA residues. The aim of this study was to examine the role and mechanism of the mA demethylase FTO in LPS-induced ALI.

CD4 + T cells ferroptosis is associated with the development of sepsis in severe polytrauma patients.

Background: Immunological disorder remains a great challenge in severe poly-trauma, in which lymphopenia is an important contributor. The purpose of present study is to explore whether ferroptosis, a new manner of programmed cell death (PCD), is involved in the lymphocyte depletion and predictive to the adverse prognosis of severe injuries.

Patients And Methods: Severe polytrauma patients admitted from January 2022 to December 2022 in our trauma center were prospectively investigated.

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome in trauma patients.

Background: Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome (PIICS) is a significant contributor to adverse long-term outcomes in severe trauma patients.

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish and validate a PIICS predictive model in severe trauma patients, providing a practical tool for early clinical prediction.

Patients And Methods: Adult severe trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of ≥16, admitted between October 2020 and December 2022, were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set in a 7:3 ratio.

Extension domain of amyloid processor protein inhibits amyloidogenic cleavage and balances neural activity in a traumatic brain injury mouse model.

Background: Mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI) partially due to abnormal amyloid processor protein (APP) cleavage and neural hyperactivity. Binding of the extension domain of APP (ExD17) to the GABAbR1 receptor results in reduced neural activity, which might play a role in the mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction caused by TBI.

Methods: Stretch-induced injury was utilized to establish a cell injury model in HT22 cells.

Effects of different transcranial magnetic stimulations on neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury.

Introduction: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective non-invasive cortical stimulation technique in the treatment of neuropathic pain. As a new rTMS technique, intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is also effective at relieving pain. We aimed to establish the pain-relieving effectiveness of different modalities on neuropathic pain.

INTRINSIC/EXTRINSIC APOPTOSIS AND PYROPTOSIS CONTRIBUTE TO THE SELECTIVE DEPLETION OF B CELL SUBSETS IN SEPTIC SHOCK PATIENTS.

The depletion of peripheral blood B cells is associated with immunosuppression and poor prognosis during sepsis, and selective depletion occurs when B cell subsets are specifically targeted. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the selective depletion of B cell subsets in the immunosuppressive phase of septic shock patients. Thirty-two septic shock patients were recruited as a septic shock group and 10 healthy volunteers as a control group.

Targeting NAT10 protects against sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting ROS/NLRP3.

Aims: To identify N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) and its downstream signaling pathways in myocytes and skeletal muscle, and to investigate its role in inflammation-induced muscle atrophy.

Materials And Methods: Cecal ligation and puncture models were used to induce sepsis in C57BL/6 mice, which were treated with either a NAT10 inhibitor or a control agent. The therapeutic effect of NAT10 inhibitor was investigated by evaluating the mass, morphology, and molecular characteristics of mouse skeletal muscle.

Pulmonary embolism following severe polytrauma: a retrospective study from a level I trauma center in China.

Background: Trauma patients are at high risk of Venous thromboembolism (VTE), but compared to well-established deep venous thrombosis (DVT), data specifically evaluating post-traumatic pulmonary embolism (PE) are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess whether PE represents a distinct clinical entity with injury pattern, risk factors, and prophylaxis strategy different from DVT, among severe poly-trauma patients.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients admitted to our level I trauma center from January 2011 to December 2021 who were diagnosed with severe multiple traumatic injuries and identified thromboembolic events among them.

Gut-muscle axis and sepsis-induced myopathy: The potential role of gut microbiota.

Sepsis is described as an immune response disorder of the host to infection in which microorganisms play a non-negligible role. Most survivors of sepsis experience ICU-acquired weakness, also known as septic myopathy, characterized by skeletal muscle atrophy, weakness, and irreparable damage/regenerated or dysfunctional. The mechanism of sepsis-induced myopathy is currently unclear.

Insights into the Roles of B Cells in Patients with Sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening yet common disease, still posing high mortality worldwide. Sepsis-related deaths primarily occur during immunosuppression; the disease can hamper the numbers and function of B cells, which mediate innate and adaptive immune responses to maintain immune homeostasis. Dysfunction of B cells, along with aggravated immunosuppression, are closely related to poor prognosis.

The Absence of Gasdermin D Reduces Nuclear Autophagy in a Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Mouse Model.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication of sepsis, which is a life-threatening condition resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory mode of lytic cell death mediated by GSDMD (Gasdermin D), is involved in the pathogenesis of SAE. While autophagy has been extensively studied in SAE, the role of nuclear autophagy is not yet well understood.

Melatonin: A potential adjuvant therapy for septic myopathy.

Septic myopathy, also known as ICU acquired weakness (ICU-AW), is a characteristic clinical symptom of patients with sepsis, mainly manifested as skeletal muscle weakness and muscular atrophy, which affects the respiratory and motor systems of patients, reduces the quality of life, and even threatens the survival of patients. Melatonin is one of the hormones secreted by the pineal gland. Previous studies have found that melatonin has anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, antioxidant stress, autophagic lysosome regulation, mitochondrial protection, and other multiple biological functions and plays a protective role in sepsis-related multiple organ dysfunction.

Early immune system alterations in patients with septic shock.

This study aims to investigate the early changes in the immune systems of patients with septic shock. A total of 243 patients with septic shock were included in this study. The patients were classified as survivors (n = 101) or nonsurvivors (n = 142).

Inhibition of DDX3X alleviates persistent inflammation, immune suppression and catabolism syndrome in a septic mice model.

Objective: DDX3X is involved in various pathological processes such as infection, immunity and cell death. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RK-33, a specific inhibitor of DDX3X, on the progression of sepsis to persistent inflammation, immune suppression and catabolism syndrome(PICS).

Methods: The septic mice model was established using caecal ligation and perforation (CLP).

Inhibition of DDX3X ameliorated CD4 T cells pyroptosis and improves survival in septic mice.

Over-expression of DDX3X mRNA is associated with T cell loss in septic patients. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of DDX3X on T cell reduction in sepsis. The sepsis model was established using lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vitro and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery in vivo.

Inhibition of PFKFB Preserves Intestinal Barrier Function in Sepsis by Inhibiting NLRP3/GSDMD.

Intestinal barrier dysfunction is associated with the occurrence and development of sepsis. Further, aerobic glycolysis plays an essential role in inflammation and cell death. This study is aimed at investigating the protective effect and mechanism of PFKFB3 inhibition on intestinal barrier dysfunction in sepsis mice.

The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammation-related skeletal muscle atrophy.

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common complication in survivors of sepsis, which affects the respiratory and motor functions of patients, thus severely impacting their quality of life and long-term survival. Although several advances have been made in investigations on the pathogenetic mechanism of sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Findings from recent studies suggest that the nucleotide-binding and oligomerisation domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a regulator of inflammation, may be crucial in the development of skeletal muscle atrophy.

Ibrutinib protects against acute lung injury via inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1 in septic mice model.

Acute lung injury is a severe complication of sepsis with high mortality in ICU. Increasing evidences have showed that Ibrutinib, a Bruton's Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, plays a critical role in numerous inflammation-related diseases. However, its therapeutic effect and mechanism in sepsis induced acute lung injury remain unclear.

Assessment of serum interleukin-28 as a biomarker to predict mortality in traumatic patients with sepsis.

Background: Serious trauma due to various factors is a major global public issue, and sepsis is a major cause of trauma-associated mortality. Timely diagnosis and suitable treatment of post-traumatic sepsis are crucial to improve the hospital outcome of traumatic patients. IL-28 is a newly discovered member of IFN-λ family with multiple functions in inflammatory response.

Predictive Value of the Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score in Older Patients After Trauma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: The Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score (GTOS) has been developed and indicate to be a valid prognostic tool for the prediction of mortality in geriatric trauma patients (GTPs) during hospitalization. However, the predictive value of the GTOS for morbidity is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between GTOS, morbidity and mortality in GTPs.