Association between the focus of attention and brain activation pattern during golf putting task in amateur and novice: A fNIRS study.

Purpose: External focus of attention (FOA) has been shown to improve motor performance. However, recent research has found that the effectiveness of FOA is related to the level of expertise. Therefore, this study examined the effects of FOA on putting performance in golfers of different levels of expertise.

Comparison of Occupational Performance in Immersive Virtual and Real Environments Among Patients With Stroke: Observational Randomized Crossover Pilot Study.

Background: Conventional rehabilitation approaches involve therapists simulating various occupational tasks in health care settings or recreating real-life situations to assess and train patients in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). As an alternative, immersive virtual reality (IVR) has been widely used in stroke rehabilitation for years, but research comparing occupational performance between virtual and real environments is limited.

Objective: This study aims to introduce a novel IVR shopping system designed for patients with stroke and to investigate the correlation of occupational performance in virtual and real environments among patients with stroke.

Association of cortical morphology, white matter hyperintensity, and glymphatic function in frontotemporal dementia variants.

Introduction: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) can be phenotypically divided into behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA), and semantic variant PPA (svPPA). However, the neural underpinnings of this phenotypic heterogeneity remain elusive.

Methods: Cortical morphology, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), and their interrelationships were assessed in subtypes of FTD.

How many adults have sufficient muscle-strengthening exercise and the associated factors: A systematic review consisting of 2,629,508 participants.

Purpose: The aim of this systematic review was to (1) estimate the prevalence of adhering to the MSE guidelines (at least 2 times/days a week) among adults; and (2) synthesize evidence on the correlates of adhering to the MSE guidelines.

Methods: Five electronic databases were searched (March 2022), with a total of 30 observational studies consisting of 2,629,508 participants meeting the eligibility criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted to pool the prevalence of adhering to the MSE guidelines using the results of 21 eligible studies (study aim 1); and data reporting correlates of adhering to the MSE guidelines using 12 eligible studies were synthesized and categorized based on the Socioecological Model Framework (study aim 2).

Exploring the impact of computer game playing on cognitive function, Alzheimer's disease risk, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels: Basic evidence from Mendelian randomization.

Introduction: The potential positive impact of computer game playing on cognitive function and its potential role in reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suggested. However, current observational studies have certain limitations. We utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) alongside extensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to examine the relationship between computer game playing, cognitive function, risk of AD, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

The mediating role of resilience and interaction anxiousness in the effects of physical activity on mobile phone addiction among Chinese college students.

Background: Recent studies have shown that regular physical activity (PA) can positively influence mobile phone addiction (MPA) behaviors in college students. However, it remains unknown whether this effect is mediated by other factors. Evidence suggests that resilience and interaction anxiousness may be candidate mediators that partly explain the positive effect of PA on MPA.

Effects of anodic transcranial direct current stimulation combined with physical training on the performance of elite swimmers.

Objective: Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) has been used to improve athletic performance in various populations; however, its role in improving performance in elite athletes is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a-tDCS on athletic performance in elite athletes.

Methods: We used a single-blind, randomized controlled experimental design and recruited 24 national-level freestyle swimmers from China.

Efficacy of virtual reality technology interventions for cognitive and mental outcomes in older people with cognitive disorders: An umbrella review comprising meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

We conducted an umbrella review of virtual reality (VR) technology interventions and cognitive improvement in older adults with cognitive disorders to establish a hierarchy of evidence. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases from database creation to February 2023. We included meta-analyses relevant to our study objectives for the overall review.

Efficacy of virtual reality training on motor performance, activity of daily living, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: an umbrella review comprising meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: There are several meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrating the benefits of virtual reality (VR) training as an intervention for motor performance, activity of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QoL) outcomes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the aggregate evidence collected to date has not been thoroughly evaluated for strength, quality, and reproducibility. An umbrella review from published meta-analyses of RCTs was conducted to evaluate the strength and quality of existing evidence regarding the efficacy of VR training in improving the motor performance, ADL and QoL outcomes of patients with PD.

Runners with better cardiorespiratory fitness had higher prefrontal cortex activity during both single and exercise-executive function dual tasks: an fNIRS study.

This study investigated the relationship between executive function and prefrontal cortex oxygenation during exercise in young adults with different Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels. A total of 28 amateur runners ( = 14) and sedentary college students ( = 14) were recruited. The maximum oxygen uptake estimated for the sub-maximal intensity run (4.

Functional network segregation is associated with higher functional connectivity in endurance runners.

Neuroimaging studies have identified significant differences in brain structure, function, and connectivity between endurance runners and healthy controls. However, the topological organization of large-scale functional brain networks remains unexplored in endurance runners. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, this study examined the differences in the topological organization of functional networks between endurance runners (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 20).

Association of brain morphology and phenotypic profile in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Introduction: Studies have found a varying degree of cognitive, psychosocial, and functional impairments in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs), whereas the neural correlates underlying these impairments remain unknown.

Methods: To examine the brain morphological alterations and white matter lesions in patients with UIA, we performed a range of structural analyses to examine the brain morphological alterations in patients with UIA compared with healthy controls (HCs). Twenty-one patients with UIA and 23 HCs were prospectively enrolled into this study.

Effects of single session transcranial direct current stimulation on aerobic performance and one arm pull-down explosive force of professional rock climbers.

To explore the effects of single-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on aerobic performance and explosive force in the one-arm pull-down of long-term trained rock climbers. Twenty athletes (twelve male and eight female) from the Rock Climbing Team of Hunan province (Hunan, China) were selected for a randomized double-blind crossover study. After baseline tests, All subjects visited laboratories twice to randomly receive either sham or a-tDCS at a current intensity of 2 mA for 20 min.

Cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in postpartum depression.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common postpartum psychiatric disorder, which can negatively affect both mothers and their offspring. Although the functional changes of PPD have been extensively studied, little is known about its structural abnormalities. This study aimed to examine the cortical and subcortical morphological abnormalities in PPD.

The effect of exercise on walking economy in patients with chronic neurological conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: To investigate the effect of exercise on the walking economy (WE) of patients with chronic neurological conditions (CNCs) and to determine the type of physical activity that best improves the WE of patients with CNCs.

Methods: Four electronic databases were searched until December 2022 (Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL). Studies were screened using the following inclusion criteria: 1.

A new PHQ-2 for Chinese adolescents: identifying core items of the PHQ-9 by network analysis.

Background: The importance of preventing and treating adolescent depression has been gradually recognized in Chinese society, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Early screening is the first step. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a leading scale in the field of depression screening.

Running economy and lower extremity stiffness in endurance runners: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lower extremity stiffness simulates the response of the lower extremity to landing in running. However, its relationship with running economy (RE) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between lower extremity stiffness and RE.

The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Mobile Phone Addiction Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.

Background: Previous studies have reported a potential negative correlation between physical activity (PA) and mobile phone addiction (MPA) among adolescents and young adults. To date, the strength of this correlation has not been well characterized.

Objective: This review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available empirical studies to examine the correlations between PA and MPA among adolescents and young adults.

Cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) can be classified into an akinetic-rigid (AR) and a tremor-dominant (TD) subtype based on predominant motor symptoms. Patients with different motor subtypes often show divergent clinical manifestations; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in motor subtypes of PD.

Machine Learning Models for Data-Driven Prediction of Diabetes by Lifestyle Type.

The prevalence of diabetes has been increasing in recent years, and previous research has found that machine-learning models are good diabetes prediction tools. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of five different machine-learning models for diabetes prediction using lifestyle data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The 1999-2020 NHANES database yielded data on 17,833 individuals data based on demographic characteristics and lifestyle-related variables.

Smart Mechanoluminescent Phosphors: A Review of Strontium-Aluminate-Based Materials, Properties, and Their Advanced Application Technologies.

Mechanoluminescence, a smart luminescence phenomenon in which light energy is directly produced by a mechanical force, has recently received significant attention because of its important applications in fields such as visible strain sensing and structural health monitoring. Up to present, hundreds of inorganic and organic mechanoluminescent smart materials have been discovered and studied. Among them, strontium-aluminate-based materials are an important class of inorganic mechanoluminescent materials for fundamental research and practical applications attributed to their extremely low force/pressure threshold of mechanoluminescence, efficient photoluminescence, persistent afterglow, and a relatively low synthesis cost.

Different types of screen-based sedentary time and anxiety in adolescents: Video games may be more important.

Aim: Evidence demonstrates the negative impact of excessive screen-based sedentary time (screen-based sedentary behavior; SSB) on mental health in adolescents. However, little is known regarding the associations between different types of SSBs and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Thus, this study sought to explore the associations between different types of SSBs and anxiety symptoms in a sample of Chinese adolescents.

Effects of Exercise on Neural Changes in Inhibitory Control: An ALE Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies.

It is widely known that exercise improves inhibitory control; however, the mechanisms behind the cognitive improvement remain unclear. This study analyzes the extant literature on the neuronal effects of exercise on inhibitory control functions. We searched four online databases (Pubmed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) for relevant peer-reviewed studies to identify eligible studies published before September 1, 2021.

The effect of foot orthoses for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This research quantitatively studied the benefits of foot orthoses for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) from five aspects: pain intensity, knee function, sport and recreation function, knee symptoms, and knee related quality of life.

Data Sources: Potential articles were retrieved using five electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang). The search period was from inception to October 17, 2021.

Benefits of Virtual Reality Balance Training for Patients With Parkinson Disease: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-Regression of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) balance training is increasingly being pursued in biomedical research, specifically with respect to investigating balance ability with VR. However, existing systematic reviews have found inconsistent conclusions about the efficacy of VR in improving balance in Parkinson disease (PD) patients.

Objective: The goal of the research was to evaluate the impact of VR balance training on the balance ability of patients with PD.