Water-in-salt electrolytes achieve high energy densities at an ultralow-temperature for aqueous symmetrical supercapacitors.

LiTFSI/HO water-in-salt electrolytes with different concentrations show high energy densities for capacitive charge storage at sub-zero-temperatures ( 32.23, 38.35 and 35 W h kg at 0, -10 and -20 °C, which are 1.

Sonochemical synthesis and properties of two new nanostructured silver(I) coordination polymers.

Two new Ag(I) coordination polymers (CPs), namely, Ag(L)(Htp) (1) and [Ag(L)]·(Htp)·2HO (2) were synthesized from the long flexible ligand of 1,6-bis(2-methylbenzimidazolyl)hexane (L), terephthalic acid (Htp) and different silver(I) salts using hydrothermal and sonochemical methods, These CPs were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, scanning electron microscopy, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. 1 features a uninodal 3-connected 2D hcb layered structure, while 2 exhibits an infinite 1D linear chain and ultimately extended into 3D supramolecular framework via O-H⋯O and Ag⋯O interactions. In addition, the effect of various sonication concentrations of the initial reagents, ultrasonic time and power of ultrasound irradiation on the size and morphology of nanostructured 1 and 2 were evaluated.

Factors affecting the yield of bio-oil from the pyrolysis of coconut shell.

Coconut is a high-quality agricultural product of the Asia-Pacific region. In this paper, coconut shell which mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin was used as a raw material for coconut shell oil from coconut shell pyrolysis. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and particle size on coconut oil yield was investigated, and the effect of heating rate on coconut oil components was discussed.

Organoaqueous calcium chloride electrolytes for capacitive charge storage in carbon nanotubes at sub-zero-temperatures.

Solutions of calcium chloride in mixed water and formamide are excellent electrolytes for capacitive charge storage in partially oxidised carbon nanotubes at unprecedented sub-zero-temperatures (e.g. 67% capacitance retention at -60 °C).

Synthesis of bi-/tricyclic azasugars fused thiazinan-4-one and their HIV-RT inhibitory activity.

Novel bi-/tricyclic azasugars fused thiazinan-4-one were conveniently synthesized by the tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/cyclization reaction under microwave radiation. The aryl group (phenyl or pyridyl) in mercaptan acid had an important effect on the formation of the diastereomers of the tricyclic hybrids 12b-15b. The new bi/tricyclic azasugars 3a-8a, 4b, 6b, 8b and the known ones 2a, 2b were examined for their HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitory activities.

Supra-amphiphilic aggregates formed by p-sulfonatocalix[4]arenes and the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine.

We report here a supramolecular strategy to directly assemble the small molecular antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (CPZ) into nanostructures, induced by p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4A) and p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene tetraheptyl ether (SC4AH), with high drug loading efficiencies of 61% and 46%, respectively. The binary host-guest assembly process was monitored using optical transmittance measurements, and the size and morphology of these two kinds of supra-amphiphilic assemblies were identified using a combination of light scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which showed solid spherical micelles. This strategy presents new opportunities for the development of high loading drug-containing carriers with easy processability for drug delivery.

Synthetic bicyclic iminosugar derivatives fused thiazolidin-4-one as new potential HIV-RT inhibitors.

Novel bicyclic iminosugar derivatives fused thiazolidin-4-one were conveniently synthesized by double Pummerer rearrangements, and their HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitory activities were preliminary examined. The notable anti-HIV-RT activity demonstrated that such bicyclic azasugars hold potential as a new kind of HIV-RT inhibitors.

Synthesis and biological activity of bi/tricyclic azasugars fused thiazolidin-4-one and thiazinan-4-one by microwave-assisted tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/cyclization.

A convenient synthesis of novel bi/tricyclic azasugars fused thiazolidin-4-one and thiazinan-4-one by the one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/cyclization reaction under microwave radiation was demonstrated. The reactions were carried out with the azidosugar 1 and mercaptan acids via a key intermediate Schiff base and stereoselectively afforded the titled bi/tricyclic azasugars in good yield. All the dominant products were in the 1,2-trans form and the reaction stereoselectivity mainly depended upon the steric hindrance of the neighboring rigid cyclic isopropylidene groups on C-2, 3 which favors the exo-attack of the sulfur atom (in mercaptan acids) to the intermediate imine.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of dinucleoside analogues containing a thiazolidin-4-one linkage via one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/cyclization.

Dinucleosides containing a thiazolidin-4-one linkage were prepared by one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/intermolecular cyclization under microwave irradiation and their structures were confirmed. Preliminary examination of HIV-RT inhibition showed that the dinucleosides containing (R)-thiazolidin-4-one linkage are significantly more active than those containing (S)-thiazolidin-4-one linkage.

Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel ribonucleosides with C-5 OH replaced by a diaminopyrimidinyl group.

A series of novel ribonucleosides with C-5 OH replaced by a diaminopyrimidinyl group were synthesized by successively nucleophilic substitutions of 5'-deoxy-5'-amino-ribonucleosides with 2,4-dichloropyrimidine and then with various fatty amines under microwave irradiation. Their anticancer activities in vitro were preliminarily evaluated. Compounds 7a and 8a only exhibited anticancer activity against A549 cell line with the IC(50) values of 10.

A convenient synthesis of novel thiazolidin-4-one-linked pseudodisaccharides by tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/cyclization and their biological evaluation.

Novel thiazolidin-4-one-linked pseudodisaccharides 3-6 were synthesized by the one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/cyclization reaction at room temperature. The deacetylation of 3-6 afforded compounds 7-10, respectively. The structures of the new compounds were determined using single crystal X-ray crystallography, (1)H, (13)C, and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and HR mass spectrometry.

Synthesis and biological activity of novel 5'-arylamino-nucleosides by microwave-assisted one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/reduction.

Novel pseudonucleosides with benzylamino group on 5'-position (4) were synthesized by using the microwave-assisted one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/reduction reaction in good yields of 55.2-71.7%.