Thermal structure regulates the dynamics of carbon dioxide flux in alpine saline lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China.

Thermal stratification and mixing play important roles in the physicochemical composition of lakes and affect the geochemical cycle. However, the regulation of lake carbon exchange at the water-air interface by seasonal thermal structures remains unclear, especially for alpine saline lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Based on continuous field sampling, carbon dioxide flux (FCO) at the water-air interface in Qinghai Lake during the ice-free period was quantitatively analyzed by thin boundary layer model, as well as the driving factors of the change in FCO at the water-air interface.

Research and optimization of flow-induced vibrations in a water-cooled monochromator.

To enhance the stability of the water-cooled double-crystal monochromator used at the BL17B beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), a study was conducted to optimize its cooling system's flow-induced vibration. Through simulation and experimental verification, the researchers analyzed the vibration mechanism and implemented improvement measures. The results indicate that the elastic bellows greatly amplify flow-induced vibration, transmitting it to the first-crystal.

Lymph node metastasis-related lncRNA GAS6-AS1 facilitates the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Lymph node metastasis is the main type of metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), especially when the primary tumor invasion depth reaches above the adventitia layer (T3 stage), the incidence of lymph node metastasis increases sharply. Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been confirmed in ESCC, but there are still many unknown connections between lncRNAs and lymph node metastasis.

Methods: We used transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze 10 pairs of ESCC tissues with primary tumor stage T3 and their paired normal epithelium.

SPI1-Mediated Upregulation of the Gene as an Independent Poor Prognostic Factor Accelerates Metastasis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) by Interacting with MMP2.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly lethal tumor type, but studies on the ESCC tumor microenvironment are limited. We found that cystatin SN (CST1) plays an important role in the ESCC tumor microenvironment. CST1 has been reported to act as an oncogene in multiple human cancers, but its clinical significance and underlying mechanism in ESCC remain elusive.

Organizing Uniform Phase Distribution in Methylammonium-Free 1.77 eV Wide-Bandgap Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Disordered crystallization and poor phase stability of mixed halide perovskite films are still the main factors that compromise the performance of inverted wide bandgap (WBG; 1.77 eV) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Great difficulties are evidenced due to the very different crystallization rates between I- and Br-based perovskite components through DMSO-alone assisted anti-solvent process.

Inhibiting Interfacial Diffusion in Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells by Replacing Low-Dimensional Perovskite with Uniformly Anchored Quaternized Polystyrene.

Surface heterojunction has been regarded as an effective method to improve the device efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Nevertheless, the durability of different heterojunction under thermal stress is rarely investigated and compared. In this work, benzylammonium chloride and benzyltrimethylammonium chloride are utilized to construct 3D/2D and 3D/1D heterojunctions, respectively.

EXOC3L1: A Novel Prognostic Biomarker Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Exocyst complex component 3-like 1 (EXOC3L1) is ubiquitously present in multiple organs. However, its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between EXOC3L1 and ESCC.

A novel pyroptosis scoring model was associated with the prognosis and immune microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The phenotype of pyroptosis has been extensively studied in a variety of tumors, but the relationship between pyroptosis and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here, 22 pyroptosis genes were downloaded from the website of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), 79 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma samples and GSE53625 containing 179 pairs of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma samples were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), respectively. Then, pyroptosis subtypes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were obtained by cluster analysis according to the expression difference of pyroptosis genes, and a pyroptosis scoring model was constructed by the pyroptosis-related genes screened from different pyroptosis subtypes.

A comprehensive prognostic and immune infiltration analysis of EXOC3L1 in pan-cancer.

Exocyst complex component 3 like 1 (EXOC3L1) is widely present in various human tissues, which mainly regulates insulin secretion. However, its roles in tumors remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the roles of EXOC3L1 in pan-cancer, and the data was downloaded from of the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Xena and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Green-solvent-processed formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells with uniform grain growth and strengthened interfacial contact a nanostructured tin oxide layer.

Green-solvent-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached an efficiency of 20%, showing great promise in safe industrial production. However, the nucleation process in green-solvent-based deposition is rarely optimized, resulting in randomized crystallization and much lowered reported efficiencies. Herein, a nanostructured tin oxide nanorods (SnO-NRs) substrate is utilized to prepare a high-quality formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite film processed from a green solvent of triethyl phosphate (TEP) with a low toxic antisolvent of dibutyl ether (DEE).

Direct In Situ Conversion of Lead Iodide to a Highly Oriented and Crystallized Perovskite Thin Film via Sequential Deposition for 23.48% Efficient and Stable Photovoltaic Devices.

In the sequential deposition method of perovskite films, the crystallinity and microstructure of PbI are often sacrificed to solve the problem of an incomplete reaction between organic halide and lead halide. As a result, the crystal orientation of the perovskite film prepared by the sequential deposition method is generally worse than that of the perovskite film prepared by a one-step antisolvent method. Here, we preplaced formamidine formate (FAFa) on the buried interface to regulate the formation mechanism from PbI to perovskite.

Low-Temperature Phase-Transition for Compositional-Pure α-FAPbI Solar Cells with Low Residual-Stress and High Crystal-Orientation.

Transition of δ-phase formamidinium lead triiodide (δ-FAPbI ) to pure α-phase FAPbI (α-FAPbI ) typically requires high processing temperature (150 °C), which often results in unavoidable residual stress. Besides, using methylammonium chloride (MACl) as additive in fabrication will cause MA residue in the film, compromising the compositional purity. Here, a stress-released and compositional-pure α-FAPbI thin-film is fabricated using 3-chloropropylammonium chloride (Cl-PACl) by two-step annealing.

Bottom-Up Templated and Oriented Crystallization for Inverted Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells with Stabilized Nickel-Oxide Interface.

Inverted-structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are known for their superior device stability. However, based on nickel-oxide (NiO ) substrate, disordered crystallization and bottom interface instability of perovskite film are still the main factors that compromise the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. Here, 2D perovskite of thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide lead iodide (Td PbI ) is introduced as a template to prepare 3D perovskite thin film with high crystal orientation and large grain size via a bottom-up growth method.

Resolving Mixed Intermediate Phases in Methylammonium-Free Sn-Pb Alloyed Perovskites for High-Performance Solar Cells.

The complete elimination of methylammonium (MA) cations in Sn-Pb composites can extend their light and thermal stabilities. Unfortunately, MA-free Sn-Pb alloyed perovskite thin films suffer from wrinkled surfaces and poor crystallization, due to the coexistence of mixed intermediate phases. Here, we report an additive strategy for finely regulating the impurities in the intermediate phase of CsFAPbSnI and, thereby, obtaining high-performance solar cells.

Assessment and source analysis of heavy metal contamination in water and surface sediment in Dongping Lake, China.

Dongping Lake is the only natural lake in the lower Yellow River and an important hub of South-North Water Diversion Project, its water quality is of vital importance to the environmental protection and the security of water supply. To assess the heavy metal (HM) contamination in Dongping Lake, samples in water and surface sediment were taken from 59 sampling sites over the entire lake. The statistical characteristics, pollution conditions, and source identifications were analyzed using coupling methods of entropy water quality index (EWQI), modified pollution index (mC), enrichment coefficient (EF), geo-accumulation index (I), potential ecological risk index (PERI), and positive matrix factorization (PMF).

Suppressing Residual Lead Iodide and Defects in Sequential-Deposited Perovskite Solar Cell via Bidentate Potassium Dichloroacetate Ligand.

In sequential-deposited polycrystalline perovskite solar cells, the unreacted lead iodide due to incomplete conversion of lead iodide to perovskite phase, can contribute to ionic defects, such as residual lead ions (Pb ). At present, passivation of interfacial and grain boundary defects has become an effective strategy to suppress charge recombination. Here, we introduced potassium acetate (KAc) and potassium dichloroacetate (KAcCl ) as additives in the sequential deposition of polycrystalline perovskite thin films and found that acetate ions (Ac ) can effectively reduce the residual lead iodide.

Surface-Anchored Acetylcholine Regulates Band-Edge States and Suppresses Ion Migration in a 21%-Efficient Quadruple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cell.

Although incorporating multiple halogen (bromine) anions and alkali (rubidium) cations can improve the open-circuit voltage (V ) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), severe voltage loss and poor stability have remained pivotal limitations to their further commercialization. In this study, acetylcholine (ACh ) is anchored to the surface of a quadruple-cation perovskite to provide additional electron states near the valence band maximum of the perovskite surface, thereby enhancing the band alignment and minimizing the V loss significantly. Moreover, the quaternary ammonium and carbonyl units of ACh passivate the antisite and vacancy defects of the organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite.

Tumor-Associated Microbiota in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Important evidence indicates the microbiota plays a key role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The esophageal microbiota was prospectively investigated in 18 patients with ESCC and 11 patients with physiological normal (PN) esophagus by 16S rRNA gene profiling, using next-generation sequencing. The microbiota composition in tumor tissues of ESCC patients were significantly different from that of patients with PN tissues.

Lead-free bright blue light-emitting cesium halide nanocrystals by zinc doping.

Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted extensive attention for photoelectric device application due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the toxicity of lead has hindered their commercialization. Consequently, lead free cesium metal halide NCs have been developed, but these materials suffer from low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and poor stability.

Development and Feasibility of a Mobile Health-Supported Comprehensive Intervention Model (CIMmH) for Improving the Quality of Life of Patients With Esophageal Cancer After Esophagectomy: Prospective, Single-Arm, Nonrandomized Pilot Study.

Background: Patients with esophageal cancer often experience clinically relevant deterioration of quality of life (QOL) after esophagectomy owing to malnutrition, lack of physical exercise, and psychological symptoms.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a comprehensive intervention model using a mobile health system (CIMmH) in patients with esophageal cancer after esophagectomy.

Methods: Twenty patients with esophageal cancer undergoing the modified McKeown surgical procedure were invited to join the CIMmH program with both online and offline components for 12 weeks.

AKR1C2 acts as a targetable oncogene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

The aldo-keto reductases family 1 member C2 (AKR1C2) has critical roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of malignant tumours. However, it was also discovered to have ambiguous functions in multiple cancers and till present, its clinical significance and molecular mechanism in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of AKR1C2 in the tumorigenesis of ESCC.

Undetectable circulating tumor DNA levels correlate with low risk of recurrence/metastasis in postoperative pathologic stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Objectives: The application of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring after resection in pathologic(p) stage I lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients remains controversial and it is of great clinical interest to decipher the difference of genetic features between ground-glass opacity (GGO) and solid nodules (non-GGO) subgroups. We aim to assess the utility of ctDNA in tracking early recurrence or metastasis following surgery and reveal the genetic differences between GGO and non-GGO.

Materials And Methods: Tumor tissues and matched postoperative plasma samples were collected from a total of 82 (p)stage I LUAD patients.

Effect of Micro-Scale Er on the Microstructure and Fluidity of ZL205A Alloy.

The effect of Er addition on the fluidity and microstructure transformation of the as-cast and T5 heat-treated ZL205A alloys was investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The fluidity of the liquid metal after adding Er was tested and the fracture characteristics of the material were analyzed. The results indicated that Er was mainly dissolved into an α-Al matrix near the grain boundaries (GBs).

Optimization design of spectral discriminator for high-spectral-resolution lidar based on error analysis.

Accurate aerosol optical properties could be obtained via the high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) technique, which employs a narrow spectral filter to suppress the Rayleigh or Mie scattering in lidar return signals. The ability of the filter to suppress Rayleigh or Mie scattering is critical for HSRL. Meanwhile, it is impossible to increase the rejection of the filter without limitation.

Increased insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expression in small cell lung cancer and the effect of inhibition of IGF1R expression by RNAi on growth of human small cell lung cancer NCI-H446 cell.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is a tyrosine kinase receptor implicated in tumourigenesis that may be an attractive target for anti-cancer treatment. In this study, the expression and clinical significance of IGF1R were investigated in serum and lung cancer tissues from small cell lung cancinoma (SCLC). We also compared the effect of IGF1R up-regulation and IGF1R inhibition on viability and apoptosis of NCI-H446 cells.