Two Undescribed Germacrane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from Salvia cavaleriei var. simplicifolia Stib. and Their Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Activity.

Two undescribed germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids, salcasins A (1) and B (2), together with three known compounds (3-5) were isolated and identified from the whole plant of Salvia cavaleriei var. simplicifolia Stib. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, such as HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR data.

Ethyl caffeate attefnuates Aβ-induced toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans AD models via the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway.

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multifactorial progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with aging, is unclear. Ethyl caffeate is a plant polyphenol that has been reported to have neuroprotective effects, but the mechanisms by which it acts are unclear. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the molecular mechanism of its anti-AD properties using the Caernorhabditis elegans model.

Antimicrobial diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of Croton kongensis Gagnepain.

Croton kongensis Gagnepain. belongs to the genus Croton, the Euphorbiaceae family, mainly distributed in Hainan and southern Yunnan, China. The aim of present study was to acquire secondary metabolites of the ethanol extract obtained from the leaves and twigs of C.

Bioactive diterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids with different skeletons from Salvia digitaloides Diels.

Salvia has been regarded as a beneficial healing herb in ancient Egypt, Rome and Greece, and is listed as an official medicine in the pharmacopoeias of many countries worldwide. Currently, Salvia is widely used to flavor and preserve food. Here, two undescribed norabietane-type diterpenoids, sadigitaloides A and B, two undescribed germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids, sadigitaloides C and D, five undescribed guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid lactones, sadigitaloides E-I, two undescribed noreudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids, sadigitaloides J and K, one known diterpenoid, three known sesquiterpenoids, and three other types of known compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the whole plants of Salvia digitaloides.

A new diterpenoid from the leaves and twigs of Benth.

A new clerodane diterpenoid, crotolanin A (), along with three known clerodane diterpenoids, crotoeurin B (), teucvidin () and teucvin (), was isolated from the ethanol extract of the leaves and twigs of Benth. Their structures were identified by extensive NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS analyses. The dopaminergic neuroprotective activity of compounds - was tested by using transgenic pathological model.

Cryptotanshinone Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Reduces the Level of Abnormally Aggregated Protein in AD Models.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of dementia. As the first common neurodegenerative disease, there are no effective drugs that can reverse the progression. The present study is to report the anti-AD effect of cryptotanshinone (CTS), a natural product isolated from .

Caesalpinbondin A, a Novel Diterpenoid Lactone With an Unprecedented Carbon Skeleton from the Seeds of .

One novel diterpenoid lactone named caesalpinbondin A () that possesses an unprecedented tetracyclic ring system in which a 6/6/5-fused tricyclic ring and a 4,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one were connected by a C-C single bond comprising a 5-(naphtho [2,3-b]furan-7-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one moiety was isolated from the seeds of . Its chemical structure was established by extensive spectroscopic methods, and its absolute configuration was further determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and electronic circular dichroism calculation. The biological evaluation suggested that compound demonstrated potent anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) bioactivity, which could delay paralysis of transgenic AD .

Diterpenoids with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities from the fruits of Vitex trifolia Linn.

Viticis Fructus, known as "Man-jing-zi", are the fruits of the traditional Chinese medicine Vitex trifolia Linn. and its variant Vitex trifolia Linn. var.

Diterpenoid Caesalmin C Delays Aβ-Induced Paralysis Symptoms via the DAF-16 Pathway in .

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world. However, there is no effective drug to cure it. Caesalmin C is a cassane-type diterpenoid abundant in (Linn.

Diterpenoids and C Nor-Isoprenoid Identified From the Leaves and Twigs of Activating Apoptosis and Pyroptosis.

(Family Euphorbiaceae) is an annual aromatic plant endemic to Yunnan Province, China, which yields an aromatic, spicy oil used as a flavoring and fragrance. The aim of the present study was to acquire secondary metabolites from the leaves and twigs of and to evaluate their cytotoxic activity. Five new diterpenoids, croyanhuins A-E (-), and one new C nor-isoprenoid, croyanhuin F (), were isolated from the leaves and twigs of .

Two new aromatic derivatives from and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

The ethanol extract of the roots of was subjected to chromatographic fractionation, which result in the isolation and characterization of two new aromatic derivatives 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate () and 2-oxopropyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate (), along with three known compounds pilosulinene A (), pollenfuran B () and (+)-pinoresinol (). Their structures were demonstrated by HRESIMS and spectroscopic methods including NMR and IR. It is worth noting that compound was isolated for the first time from the genus .

Polyoxygenated sesquiterpenoids from Salvia castanea and their potential anti-Alzheime's disease bioactivities.

Salvia castanea (Family Labiatae), a perennial fragrant herb with castaneous flowers, is mainly distributed in areas with an altitude of 2500-3750 m. The roots of this plant were used as a tea drink by local residents to strengthen physical health. The aim of present study was to acquire secondary metabolites of the ethanol extract obtained from the whole plant of S.

A new highly oxygenated germacranolide from var. (C.B.Clarke) Kitam.

A new highly oxygenated germacranolide, carcerlane A (), together with four known highly oxygenated germacranolides (-), was isolated from an ethanol extract of the whole plant of var. (C.B.

Isolation, Characterization, and Possible Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Activities of Bisabolane-Type Sesquiterpenoid Derivatives and Phenolics from the Rhizomes of Curcuma longa.

One new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid, together with four known bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid derivatives and seven phenolics, was isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic (IR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR) data analysis. The possible anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activities of the isolated compounds were also evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans AD pathological model, and 1β-hydroxybisabola-2,10-dien-4-one had the highest possible anti-AD activity.

Cadinane-type sesquiterpenes from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha and their anti-Alzheimer's disease bioactivities.

Commiphoins A-C (1-3), three new cadinane-type sesquiterpenes, together with two known cadinane-type sesquiterpenes (4 and 5) were isolated from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha. Their structures and relative configurations were established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR analyses. Compounds 1 and 3-5 were screened for anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activities using the AD pathological model in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Eupulcherol A, a triterpenoid with a new carbon skeleton from Euphorbia pulcherrima, and its anti-Alzheimer's disease bioactivity.

Eupulcherol A (1), a novel triterpenoid with an unprecedented carbon skeleton, was isolated from Euphorbia pulcherrima. Its structure was determined by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR, and the absolute configuration was defined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Biological studies showed that compound 1 possessed anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) bioactivity, which could delay paralysis of transgenic AD Caenorhabditis elegans.

Narjatamanins A and B, a pair of novel epimers possessing a 2,3--iridoid skeleton with an unusual 1,10-oxygen bridge from and evaluation of their effects on worm paralysis in AD .

Narjatamanins A (1) and B (2), a pair of epimers possessing a novel 2,3--iridoid skeleton with an unusual 1,10-oxygen bridge, were isolated from the whole plants of . Their structures were elucidated by a combination of various spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS, IR and 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were established by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations.

Norcrassin A, a novel C tetranorditerpenoid, and bicrotonol A, an unusual dimeric labdane-type diterpenoid, from the roots of Croton crassifolius.

A novel C tetranorditerpenoid, norcrassin A (1), and an unusual dimeric labdane-type diterpenoid, bicrotonol A (2), were isolated from the roots of Croton crassifolius. Norcrassin A (1) featured a new carbon skeleton with an unprecedented 5/5/5/6 tetracyclic system. Bicrotonol A (2) possessed an unusual tetrahydroxypyran ring linkage connecting two labdane diterpenoid monomers.

Cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of iridoids and sesquiterpenoids from Valeriana jatamansi.

Three new iridoids, valejatanins A-C (1-3), and one new natrual iridoid (4), together with four known sesquiterpenoids (5-8), were isolated from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Compounds 3 and 4 are C(4)-epimers. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR) and by comparison of their NMR data with those of related compounds.

Eremophilane-type Sesquiterpenes from the Leaves of Ligularia virgaurea.

A phytochemical study of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Ligularia virgaurea led to the isolation of a new eremophilane-type sesquiterpene lactone, (4S,5R,6S,8S,lR)-6β-angeloyloxy-eremophil-7(l l)-en-10βH-8α,12-olide (1), along with a known eremophilane-type sesquiterpene, (4S,5R,6S,lOS)-6β- angeloyloxy-10βH-furanoeremophil-9-one (2). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including ID and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry experiments, and the absolute configurations were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis using the anomalous scattering of Cu Ka radiation.

A New Succinate Derivative from Ajuga decumbens.

A new succinate derivative, ethyl (5-formylfuran-2-yl)methyl succinate (1), along with three known compounds (2-4) have been isolated from the whole plants of Ajuga decumbens Thunb. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) and HR-ESI-MS data analysis, and literature values. Compound 1 was isolated as a new succinate derivative, and compounds 2 and 3 were for the first time separated from A.

Euphorikanin A, a Diterpenoid Lactone with a Fused 5/6/7/3 Ring System from Euphorbia kansui.

Euphorikanin A (1), an unprecedented diterpenoid lactone which possesses a novel 5/6/7/3-fused tetracyclic ring skeleton, was isolated from the roots of Euphorbia kansui. The chemical structure and absolute stereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against two human tumor cell lines HeLa and NCI-446.

A Novel Norclerodane Diterpenoid from the Roots of Croton crassifolius.

A chemical investigation of Croton crassifolius afforded a novel norclerodane diterpenoid (1) with an unprecedented six-membered oxygen ring between C-1 and C-12, together with three known compounds. The structure of the new compound was elucidated based on spectroscopic (IR, 1D, and 2D NMR) and HR-ESI-MS techniques. This report describes the first example of a natural norclerodane with a 4H-chromene ring system.