Individual dose reconstruction among residents living in the vicinity of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site using EPR spectroscopy of tooth enamel.

Individual accumulated doses were determined by EPR spectroscopy of tooth enamel for 26 adult persons residing in territories adjacent to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS). The absorbed dose values due to radiation from nuclear tests were obtained after subtracting the contribution of natural background radiation from the total accumulated dose. The determined dose values ranged up to 250 mGy, except for one person from Semipalatinsk city with a measured dose of 2.

[New possibilities of the antibiotic use in the treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis].

The authors studied the efficacy of directed transport of antibiotics in autologous blood shadows in the complex treatment of 73 patients with acute cholecystitis (the main group) in comparison with the traditional nonoperative treatment of 67 patients with the same disease (the control group). The directed transport of antibiotics in autologous blood shadows makes it possible to arrest adequately the clinico-laboratory manifestations of acute cholecystitis, thus preventing the development of infectious complications of the disease, shorten by 4.5 times the terms for arresting the clinico-laboratory manifestations of acute cholecystitis, and to optimize planned operative treatment.

[Means of preventing suppurative complications following surgery of the liver].

The article analyses the results of antibiotic prevention of postoperative infectious complications and the use of special techniques and operative manipulations in 60 patients with localized affections of the liver. It was found that the most effective method of antibiotic prevention of complications is a purposeful transport of antibiotics in autologous erythrocytic shadows, which are infused intravenously once before the operation and, in extensive resection of the liver, on the second or third postoperative day. With the use of special techniques and operative manipulations in combination with purposeful transport of antibiotics the frequency of infectious complications reduces and the results of treatment in surgery of localized affections of the liver improve.

[Dynamics of glutathione metabolizing enzyme activity in experimental acute cholecystitis].

Dynamics of glutathione-related enzymes activity was studied in erythrocytes of 22 dogs with destructive form of cholecystitis. As clinical symptoms of intoxication developed the enzymatic activity was decreased. In the animals with purulent-inflammatory complications distinct decrease was detected in activity of glutathione reductase (by 54.

[Comprehensive therapy of acute cholecystitis in elderly and very old patients].

A high effectiveness of the use of target transport of antibiotics in the autological erythrocytic shadows in the complex of surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis in 65 elderly and senile patients when compared with that in use of the existing methods of conservative treatment was revealed. The method developed permits to create in the bile a high and prolonged antibiotic concentration, and as well to reduce 4.5-fold the time for cupping off acute cholecystitis, to increase the quality of examination, preoperative preparation and elective operative treatment of the patients.

[Features of incorporation of several antibiotics into erythrocyte ghosts--a system of targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs].

Features of incorporation of cefazolin, ampicillin, kanamycin and gentamicin into erythrocytic shadows in patients with abdominal diseases and apparently healthy persons during hypoosmotic hemolysis were studied. The highest percentage of kanamycin and gentamicin incorporation into the erythrocytic shadows was observed. The parameter of the antibiotic incorporation from the incubation fluid into the erythrocytic shadows depended on the antibiotic type and dose.

[Pharmacokinetics of kanamycin during targeted delivery to the liver in erythrocyte ghosts in animals with experimental acute cholecystitis].

Pharmacokinetics of kanamycin was studied after its targeted delivery to the liver in autological erythrocyte ghosts on 25 noninbred dogs with experimental acute cholecystitis in comparison to the routine intravenous administration of the antibiotic in solution. Kanamycin concentrations in the tissues of the liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys and lungs as well as in bile and blood serum were determined by the agar diffusion method 24, 48 and 72 hours after the last administration. It was found that the targeted delivery of kanamycin in blood shadows made it possible to provide high concentrations of the antibiotic for prolonged periods in the liver and biliary ducts and to more efficiently arrest the clinical manifestations of acute cholecystitis as well as normalize the laboratory indices.

[Experimental bases of directed transport of antibiotics in suppurative-inflammatory diseases of the liver and biliary tract].

The possibility of use and effectiveness of directed transport of antibiotics in erythrocyte carriers in the treatment of suppurative-inflammatory diseases of biliary ducts has been studied on dogs. It has been found that erythrocyte carriers were resistant to desorption of antibiotics in the blood circulation. Pharmacokinetic investigation has shown the more prolonged collection of antibiotics in hepatic tissue in comparison with traditional intravenous route.

[Clinico-immunologic status and postoperative course of patients with chronic pancreatitis and complicated cholecystitis].

Patients with chronic pancreatitis and complicated calculous cholecystitis are known to have considerable disturbances of the immune status of the organism. The complex of preoperative management and postoperative treatment of such patients should include drugs mainly influencing the cell immunity indices.