Background: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a prevalent cancer characterized by molecular and clinical heterogeneity. Assessing the spatial heterogeneity of the MIBC microenvironment is crucial to understand its clinical significance.
Methods: In this study, we used imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to assess the spatial heterogeneity of MIBC microenvironment across 185 regions of interest in 40 tissue samples.