Age-dependent changes in the gut microbiota and serum metabolome correlate with renal function and human aging.

Human aging is invariably accompanied by a decline in renal function, a process potentially exacerbated by uremic toxins originating from gut microbes. Based on a registered household Chinese Guangxi longevity cohort (n = 151), we conducted comprehensive profiling of the gut microbiota and serum metabolome of individuals from 22 to 111 years of age and validated the findings in two independent East Asian aging cohorts (Japan aging cohort n = 330, Yunnan aging cohort n = 80), identifying unique age-dependent differences in the microbiota and serum metabolome. We discovered that the influence of the gut microbiota on serum metabolites intensifies with advancing age.

Targeting of cancer cell death mechanisms by resveratrol: a review.

Cancer cell death is the utmost aim in cancer therapy. Anti-cancer agents can induce apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, senescence, or autophagy through the production of free radicals and induction of DNA damage. However, cancer cells can acquire some new properties to adapt to anti-cancer agents.

Targeting of the tumor microenvironment by curcumin.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is made up of several cells and molecules that affect the survival of cancer cells. Indeed, certain (immunosuppressive) cells which promote tumors can promote the growth of tumors by stimulating the proliferation of cancer cells and promoting angiogenesis. During tumor growth, antitumoral immunity includes natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells cannot overcome immunosuppressive responses and cancer cell proliferation.

Redox interactions-induced cardiac toxicity in cancer therapy.

Cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted cancer therapy are exposed to the risk of several side effects because of the heavy production of ROS by ionizing radiation or some chemotherapy drugs. Damages to DNA, mitochondria, membrane and other organelles within normal tissue cells such as cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells lead to the release of some toxins which are associated with triggering inflammatory cells to release several types of cytokines, chemokines, ROS, and RNS. The release of some molecules following radiotherapy or chemotherapy stimulates reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions.

Serum branched-chain amino acids are associated with leukocyte telomere length and frailty based on residents from Guangxi longevity county.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and telomere length are biologically associated with healthy aging. However, the association between them and their interaction on frailty remain unclear in humans. Here, a cross-sectional study based on residents from Guangxi longevity county was conducted to investigate the association of serum BCAAs, peripheral leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and frailty.

Identification of Critical Genes and Five Prognostic Biomarkers Associated with Colorectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which may function as biomarkers for CRC prognosis and therapies, and the clinical outcome in patients with CRC. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 116 normal mucous tissue and 930 CRC tissue datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Cordycepin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Aims: The present study is to investigate the protective effect of cordycepin on inflammatory reactions in rats with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as the underlying mechanism.

Methods: Wistar rat model of ALI was induced by intravenous injection of LPS (30 mg/kg body weight). One hour later, intravenous injection of cordycepin (1, 10 or 30 mg/kg body weight) was administered.

Identification of new genetic variants of HLA-DQB1 associated with human longevity and lipid homeostasis-a cross-sectional study in a Chinese population.

Healthy longevity has been an unremitting pursuit of human, but its genetic and the environment causes are still unclear. As longevity population is a good healthy aging model for understanding how the body begin aging and the process of aging, and plasma lipids metabolism and balance is a very important to life maintain and physiologic functional turnover. It is important to explore how the effect of genetic variants associated long-life individuals on lipids metabolism and balance.

Cordycepin negatively modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production by up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1.

Aims: The present study is to investigate the effect of cordycepin on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microphages, as well as its mechanism of action.

Methods: Mouse RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of cordycepin for 0-16h.

Age-Based Differences in the Genetic Determinants of Glycemic Control: A Case of FOXO3 Variations.

Background: Glucose homeostasis is a trait of healthy ageing and is crucial to the elderly, but less consideration has been given to the age composition in most studies involving genetics and hyperglycemia.

Methods: Seven variants in FOXO3 were genotyped in three cohorts (n = 2037; LLI, MI_S and MI_N; mean age: 92.5 ± 3.

FOXO3 variants are beneficial for longevity in Southern Chinese living in the Red River Basin: A case-control study and meta-analysis.

Forkhead box class O (FOXO) transcription factors play a crucial role in longevity across species. Several polymorphisms in FOXO3 were previously reported to be associated with human longevity. However, only one Chinese replication study has been performed so far.

Gender-specific DNA methylome analysis of a Han Chinese longevity population.

Human longevity is always a biological hotspot and so much effort has been devoted to identifying genes and genetic variations associated with longer lives. Most of the demographic studies have highlighted that females have a longer life span than males. The reasons for this are not entirely clear.

Gene-gene interaction between CETP and APOE polymorphisms confers higher risk for hypertriglyceridemia in oldest-old Chinese women.

The knowledge of dyslipidemia and its genetic contributors in oldest-old subjects is limited; in addition, the majority of oldest-old subjects are females. Evidence has accumulated that multiple genetic factors play important roles in determining susceptibility to dyslipidemia and extended life span. Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) are two plausible candidate genes for human longevity owing to their functionally related modulation of circulating lipid homeostasis; however, few studies have considered their interplay.

Trans-ethnical shift of the risk genotype in the CETP I405V with longevity: a Chinese case-control study and meta-analysis.

Background: The I405V polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene (CETP) has been suggested to be a protective factor conferring longevity in Ashkenazi Jews, although findings in other races are not supportive. This paper describes a case-control study and a meta-analysis conducted to derive a more precise estimation of the association between CETP 405V and longevity.

Methods: We enrolled 1,021 ethnic Han Chinese participants (506 in the longevity group and 515 controls), then performed a meta-analysis that integrated the current study and previously published ones.

[Association between SIRT1 gene polymorphisms and longevity of populations from Yongfu region of Guangxi].

Objective: To assess the association between SIRT1 gene polymorphisms and the longevity phenomena in Yongfu region of Guangxi. In this case-control study, 500 individuals from Yongfu region of Guangxi were recruited. The subjects were divided into a longevity group (n=223, average age=93.