Amplifying and Reversing the Chiral Bias in Asymmetric Photo-Polymerization Reaction.

Circularly polarized light (CPL) is inherently chiral and is regarded as one possible source for the origin of homochirality. Coincidentally, chiral metal nanoparticles have great prospects in asymmetric photochemical reactions since they can enhance the chiral light-matter interactions. Nonetheless, little is known about how the spin angular momentum of light competes with the chiral electromagnetic field in the vicinity of a chiral nanoparticle during the chiral induction and amplification process.

The possible anti-tumor actions and mechanisms of active metabolites from Cortex Fraxini.

Cortex Fraxini is a traditional Chinese herb that is widely available, inexpensive, and has low toxicity. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that the active metabolites in Cortex Fraxini, including esculin, esculetin, and fraxetin, exert anti-tumor activities by regulating genes and proteins involved in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration. Additionally, these metabolites play a pivotal role in the regulation of several tumor-associated signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT3, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.

Recent Applications of Sulfonium Salts in Synthesis and Catalysis.

The use of sulfonium salts in organic synthesis has experienced a dramatic increase during the last years that can arguably be attributed to three main factors; the development of more direct and efficient synthetic methods that make easily available sulfonium reagents of a wide structural variety, their intrinsic thermal stability, which facilitates their structural modification, handling and purification even on large scale, and the recognition that their reactivity resembles that of hypervalent iodine compounds and therefore, they can be used as replacement of such reagents for most of their uses. This renewed interest has led to the improvement of already existing reactions, as well as to the discovery of unprecedented transformations; in particular, by the implementation of photocatalytic protocols. This review aims to summarize the most recent advancements on the area focusing on the work published during and after 2020.

Ameliorative effects of the mixed aqueous extract of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex on loperamide-induced STC mice.

(AFI) and (MOC) have been used to treat constipation in China for thousands of years. In this study, a mouse model of slow transit constipation (STC) was established by gavage of loperamide at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw/day for seven days. Seventy-two mice were randomly allocated to six groups (control, STC model, 3 g/kg AFI + MOC, 6 g/kg AFI + MOC, 12 g/kg AFI + MOC, and mosapride).

A Tracheostomy Support Device to Reduce Tracheostomy-Related Pressure Injury.

Background: Tracheostomies provide many advantages for the care of patients who are critically ill but may also result in complications, including tracheostomy-related pressure injuries. Research efforts into the prevention of these pressure injuries has resulted in specialized clinical care teams and pathways. These solutions are expensive and labor intensive, and fail to target the root cause of these injuries; namely, pressure at the device-skin interface.

Cascaded momentum-space polarization filters enabled label-free black-field microscopy for single nanoparticles analysis.

Label-free optical imaging of single-nanometer-scale matter is extremely important for a variety of biomedical, physical, and chemical investigations. One central challenge is that the background intensity is much stronger than the intensity of the scattering light from single nano-objects. Here, we propose an optical module comprising cascaded momentum-space polarization filters that can perform vector field modulation to block most of the background field and result in an almost black background; in contrast, only a small proportion of the scattering field is blocked, leading to obvious imaging contrast enhancement.

Predictors of batting and pitching performance in the USA baseball prospect development pipeline.

This study examined the relationship between psychomotor abilities and baseball performance by analysing data from 379 athletes who participated in the USA Baseball, Prospect Development Pipeline (PDP). Hit and pitch metrics were generated during practice sessions using the Rapsodo System. Data were compared through exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical regression.

Inverse design of chiral functional films by a robotic AI-guided system.

Artificial chiral materials and nanostructures with strong and tuneable chiroptical activities, including sign, magnitude, and wavelength distribution, are useful owing to their potential applications in chiral sensing, enantioselective catalysis, and chiroptical devices. Thus, the inverse design and customized manufacturing of these materials is highly desirable. Here, we use an artificial intelligence (AI) guided robotic chemist to accurately predict chiroptical activities from the experimental absorption spectra and structure/process parameters, and generate chiral films with targeted chiroptical activities across the full visible spectrum.

Endotracheal tube forces exerted on the larynx and a novel support device to reduce it.

Objective: Endotracheal tubes (ETTs) are commonly associated with laryngeal injury that may be short lasting and temporary or more severe and life altering. Injury is believed to result from forces that these ETTs exert on the larynx. Here we quantify the forces of ETTs of various sizes on the laryngotracheal complex to gain a more quantitative understanding of these potential damaging forces.

A Smartphone Application-Based Remote Rehabilitation System for Post-Total Knee Arthroplasty Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Remote rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty has gradually gained popularity in recent years. This study aimed to determine whether smartphone application-based remote rehabilitation could outperform home-based rehabilitation and outpatient guidance in terms of 12-week outcomes following primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty.

Methods: Patients who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty were recruited and randomly divided into a telerehabilitation group and a control group.

Pentafluorocyclopropanation of (Hetero)arenes Using Sulfonium Salts: Applications in Late-Stage Functionalization.

The evaluation of the pentafluorocyclopropyl group as a chemotype in crop protection and medicinal chemistry has been hampered in the past by the lack of suitable methodologies that enable the practical incorporation of this moiety into advanced synthetic intermediates. Herein, we report the gram-scale synthesis of an unprecedented sulfonium salt, 5-(pentafluorocyclopropyl)dibenzothiophenium triflate, and its use as a versatile reagent for the photoinduced C-H pentafluorocyclopropylation of a broad series of non-previously functionalized (hetero)arenes through a radical mediated mechanism. The scope and potential benefits of the protocol developed are further demonstrated by the late-stage introduction of the pentafluorocyclopropyl unit into biologically relevant molecules and widely used pharmaceuticals.

Wumei Wan attenuates angiogenesis and inflammation by modulating RAGE signaling pathway in IBD: Network pharmacology analysis and experimental evidence.

Background: Wumei Wan (WMW) has been used to address digestive disorder for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated its anti-colitis efficacy, but the underlying mechanism of its action remains to be further clarified.

Purpose: To investigate the underlying mechanisms of WMW in the treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) through network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Psychomotor and visual skills underlying position specialization in 1352 elite youth baseball players.

Baseball is an international sport with participation from tens of thousands of people worldwide. In the United States, the Prospect Development Pipeline (PDP) is a collaborative effort between Major League Baseball and USA Baseball to establish a developmental pipeline leading to the professional draft. Players participating in the PDP undergo comprehensive evaluations that measure athletic performance, speed-of-processing, visual function, and on-field talent.

Environmental factors driving the formation of water-soluble organic aerosols: A comparative study under contrasting atmospheric conditions.

Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), as major fractions of atmospheric aerosols, have gained attention due to their light-absorption properties. To illustrate the sources and key environmental factors driving WSOC formation under different atmospheric conditions, a comparative study was conducted by summarizing the results obtained from five field campaigns at inland (urban, suburban or regional) sites and a coastal site during different seasons. Organic carbon concentrations varied from 8.

5-(Trifluorovinyl)dibenzothiophenium Triflate: Introducing the 1,1,2-Trifluoroethylene Tether in Drug-Like Structures.

This manuscript reports the synthesis and structure of an unprecedented sulfonium salt, 5-(trifluorovinyl)dibenzothiophenium triflate, and its use as a versatile reagent for the introduction of the bioisosteric 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene linker in drug-like structures. The protocol developed consists of the reaction of this compound with alcohols and phenols to deliver a complete set of 1,2,2-trifluoro-2-(alkoxy-/aryloxy)ethyl sulfonium salts, which have been purified by column chromatography and fully characterized. Subsequent single electron reduction under mild photochemical conditions efficiently affords the corresponding fluoroalkyl radicals that are trapped either intra- or intermolecularly through their reaction with (hetero)arenes.

Chiral biosensing at both interband transition and plasmonic extinction regions using twisted-stacked nanowire arrays.

Chiral metal nanostructures that exhibit strong chiroptical properties and enhanced light-matter interactions have recently attracted great interest due to their potential applications including chiral sensing and asymmetric synthesis. Most studies in this field focused on chiral sensing using circular dichroism (CD) responses at the plasmonic extinction region. In comparison, little is known about their CD responses at interband transition regions and their utility in chiral biosensing.

Selective and sensitive detection of miRNA-198 using single polymeric microfiber waveguide platform with heterogeneous CHA amplification strategy.

Pancreatic cancer (PC), which has a high fatality rate, is a kind of cancer with poor diagnosis and poor prognosis. Development of selective and sensitive detection platform to diagnose and prognostic of PC has attracted considerable attention. The miRNA-198 has been reported a potential prognostic and early diagnostic marker signature of PC.

Protects Against Psychological Disorder-Induced Gut Microbiota-Mediated Colonic Mucosal Barrier Damage and Aggravation of Colitis.

Psychological disorders are associated with increased risk of severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by causing gut microbiota dysbiosis and colonic mucosal barrier damage. However, the interaction between chronic restraint stress (CRS), gut microbiota composition, and colonic mucus remains unclear. We demonstrated that mice under CRS conditions exhibited alterations in microbiota composition, disruption of colonic mucus, and aggravation of colitis.

A next-generation probiotic: Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a neurasthenic disease, which is the second-largest burden of disease globally. Increasing studies have revealed that depression is associated with abnormalities in gut microbiota and metabolites. Several species of bacteria have been classified as psychobiotics, which confer mental health benefits through interactions with commensal gut microbiota.

Pharmacological inhibition of IRAK1 attenuates colitis-induced tumorigenesis in mice by inhibiting the inflammatory response and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer. Here, we studied the inhibitory effect of IRAK1 and IRAK4 as a preventive strategy using a colitis-induced tumorigenesis mouse model. CRC clinical data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).

Total Flavone of Ameliorates Stress-Induced Microbial Alterations Drive Intestinal Barrier Injury in DSS Colitis.

Purpose: Total flavone of (TFA), the effective constituents extracted from Flos , has been reported to inhibit inflammation. However, the effect of TFA on ulcerative colitis (UC) progression in patients with depression is unknown. The purpose of our research was to explore the anti-UC effects of TFA in the context of depression in mice with UC by regulating the gut microbiota to drive the intestinal barrier.

Open-Set Hypothesis Transfer With Semantic Consistency.

Unsupervised open-set domain adaptation (UODA) is a realistic problem where unlabeled target data contain unknown classes. Prior methods rely on the coexistence of both source and target domain data to perform domain alignment, which greatly limits their applications when source domain data are restricted due to privacy concerns. In this paper we address the challenging hypothesis transfer setting for UODA, where data from source domain are no longer available during adaptation on target domain.

Characterisation of floc size, effective density and sedimentation under various flocculation mechanisms.

Floc structure plays an important role in the separation of coal wastewater. In this study, a camera-based method is used to evaluate quantitatively the structural characteristics of flocs generated by different coagulants and flocculants. The correlations between particle size, settlement velocity and effective density of coal tailings flocs are analysed.