Comparison of Immune Checkpoint Molecule Expression in Different Years of House Dust Mite Subcutaneous Immunotherapy on CD4 T and Treg Cells in Children with Allergic Rhinitis.

Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy, a unique inducer of tolerance, may result in T cell exhaution.

Aims: To investigate how the duration of house dust mite (HDM) subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) affects the expression of major immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules on the surface of CD4 T-helper and regulatory T (Treg) cells.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Evaluation of the triggers and the treatment models of anaphylaxis in pediatric patients.

Objective: Anaphylaxis is an acute, life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction. We aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients presenting with anaphylaxis, as well as triggers and risk factors, and to determine the rate of adrenaline auto-injector (AAI) usage.

Methods: The study was planned in the pediatric allergy outpatient clinic over a 1-year period.

Drug Allergy in Children: Adverse Reactions after Skin Testing.

Introduction: Skin tests are one of the most widely used diagnostic tools for suspected drug allergies in children. Studies on systemic reactions occurring during skin testing with allergens have mostly been conducted in pediatric and adult patient groups together. However, data on adverse reactions including allergic reactions after drug skin tests in children are scarce.

Clinical characteristics of patients requiring lung transplantation referral in national cystic fibrosis registry data.

Background: We aimed to determine the number of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients recorded in the Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Türkiye (CFRT) who were in need of lung transplantation (LT) referral and examine clinical differences between patients who were LT candidates due to rapid forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) decline and LT candidates without rapid FEV₁ decline in the last year to identify a preventable cause in patients with such rapid FEV₁ decline.

Methods: All CF patients recorded in the CFRT in 2018 were evaluated in terms of LT. Patients were divided into those with FEV₁ below 50% and in need of LT due to a decrease of 20% or more in the previous year (Group 1) and those who did not have FEV₁ decline of more than 20% in the previous year but had other indications for LT (Group 2).

Risk Factors of Challenge-Proven Beta-Lactam Allergy in Children with Immediate and Non-Immediate Mild Cutaneous Reactions.

Introduction: Beta-lactam (BL) antibiotics are the most often involved drugs in allergic reactions. Mild cutaneous reactions such as maculopapular exanthema or urticaria are the most common presenting complaints of BL allergy in the pediatric population. However, it can be challenging to distinguish BL-induced allergy from reactions due to infections or other reasons.

Expressive arts therapy with asthmatic children: The effects of an 8-week intervention study.

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Management of asthma mainly depends on compliance with long-term therapy. Art therapy, in which children express their experiences through artistic activities, is one of the psychosocial support treatments in chronic diseases.

Hypersensitivity to Ibuprofen: Real-Life Experience in Children with History of Suspected Immediate Reactions.

Introduction: Ibuprofen is the most common culprit drug causing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) hypersensitivity in children. We aimed to evaluate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of confirmed ibuprofen allergy in children presenting with a history of suspected immediate type ibuprofen-induced hypersensitivity reactions.

Methods: We evaluated 50 (35 M, 15 F) children with a median age of 7 years, who were referred to our clinic with suspected immediate ibuprofen hypersensitivity.

Antibiotic allergy in children with cystic fibrosis: A retrospective case-control study.

Unlabelled: Antibiotic allergy is a big problem that may affect the treatment and life quality of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Aim: To evaluate predictive factors for confirmed antibiotic hypersensitivity in children with CF.

Methods: In this case-controlled study, we examined 15 patients with CF who had been confirmed with antibiotic allergy.

COmparisoN of TastES of Available NutriTional integrated or non-integrated formulas for infants older than 1 year of age with cow's milk allergy: A multicenter, prospective, single blind, cross-sectional observational clinical study (CONTEST Study).

Palatability of the infant formulas lacking cow milk protein formulas is reported by parents to be an important drawback. The purpose of this study is to examine decisions made by mothers of infants having cow milk protein allergy, and physicians concerning the palatability of unflavored extensively hydrolyzed formulas and amino acid-based formulas. We conducted a multi-center, randomized, single-blinded, observational taste study involving 149 pediatricians from gastroenterology and allergy subspecialties at 14 tertiary healthcare units from different regions of Turkey and involving 94 mothers of infants with cow milk protein allergy.

Risk Factors for Immediate-Type Local Anesthetic Hypersensitivity Reactions in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Background: Local anesthetics (LA) are relatively safe and rarely cause immediate hypersensitivity reactions. The data on immediate LA hypersensitivity and its risk factors in children are limited.

Aim: To evaluate risk factors of immediate LA hypersensitivity.

Risk Factors for the Development of IgE-Mediated Food Allergy in Preschool Children with Asthma.

Background: Food allergy is a component of the atopic march and may have effects on asthma. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for confirmed immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergies and their impact on the clinical picture in preschool children with asthma.

Methods: Clinical history and allergic assessment results were obtained from medical records and analyzed retrospectively.

Evaluation of Suspected Macrolide Allergies in Children.

Objective: Macrolides are often accepted as safe antibiotics due to their low allergenicity. However, studies on macrolides, particularly studies evaluating cross-reactivity in macrolides, are highly rare in children. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestations, confirmation rate, and frequency of cross-reactivity in children admitted with suspicious clarithromycin or azithromycin allergy.

β-Lactam Allergy in Children.

Objective: β-lactam antibiotic allergy is the most common drug allergy in children. Most of the patients with suspected reactions to β-lactam antibiotics can actually tolerate these drugs. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with β-lactam allergy and to determine cross-reactivity between penicillin and cephalosporins.

An Expert Panel Statement on the Beneficial Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) in Early Life and Potential Utility of HMO-Supplemented Infant Formula in Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.

This review by pediatric gastroenterology and allergy-immunology experts aimed to address the biological roles of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and the potential utility of HMOs in prevention of allergy with particular emphasis on cows milk protein allergy (CMPA). The participating experts consider HMOs amongst the most critical bioactive components of human milk, which act as antimicrobials and antivirals by preventing pathogen adhesion to epithelial cells, as intestinal epithelial cell modulators by enhancing maturation of intestinal mucosa and intestinal epithelial barrier function, as prebiotics by promoting healthy microbiota composition and as immunomodulators by modulating immune cells indirectly and directly. Accordingly, the participating experts consider the proposed link between HMOs and prevention of allergy to be primarily based on the impact of HMO on gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal barrier, immunomodulation and immune maturation.

Food-induced anaphylaxis in early childhood and factors associated with its severity.

Several factors that increase the risk of severe food-induced anaphylaxis have been identified. We aimed to determine the demographic, etiologic, and clinical features of food-induced anaphylaxis in early childhood and also any other factors associated with severe anaphylaxis. We carried out a medical chart review of anaphylaxis cases from 16 pediatric allergy and immunology centers in Turkey.

Clarithromycin hypersensitivity in children: Is there a link with β-lactam hypersensitivity?

Background: Clarithromycin hypersensitivity is reported as the most common cause of non-β-lactam antibiotic allergy in children. Clarithromycin is frequently prescribed in cases of suspected β-lactam hypersensitivity. Oral provocation tests stand as the gold standard to confirm drug hypersensitivity as diagnostic value of skin tests is variable.

Clinical findings of patients with cystic fibrosis according to newborn screening results.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal recessive genetic disease caused by loss of function associated with mutations in the CF trans-membrane conductance regulator. It is highly prevalent (approximately 1 in 3,500) in Caucasians. The aim of this study was to compare demographic and clinical features, diagnostic tests, treatments, and complications of patients with CF whose newborn screening (NBS) with twice-repeated immune reactive trypsinogen testing was positive, normal, and not performed.

Practical algorithm to inform clinical decision-making in the topical treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic relapsing, inflammatory skin disorder associated with skin barrier dysfunction, the prevalence of which has increased dramatically in developing countries. In this article, we propose a treatment algorithm for patients with mild-to-moderate and severe atopic dermatitis flares in daily clinical practice. An international panel of 15 dermatology and allergy experts from eight countries was formed to develop a practical algorithm for the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis, with a particular focus on topical therapies.

Proven Food-Induced Acute Urticaria and Predictive Factors for Definitive Diagnosis in Childhood.

Background: Urticaria can be the only sign of a food allergy or can be seen together with other signs and symptoms of a food allergy.

Objective: To determine the demographic, etiologic, and clinical features of food-induced acute urticaria in childhood.

Methods: Patients suspected of food-induced acute urticaria were included in this prospective cross-sectional multicenter study.

Prevalence of allergic disorders and risk factors associated with food allergy in Turkish preschoolers.

Background: The prevalence of allergic disorders is on the rise, affecting about 10% of the population. In this retrospective cohort, we investigated prevalence of allergic disorders, associated risk factors, and the outcome of food allergies.

Material And Methods: We analyzed data from birth cohorts of two university hospitals' well-child outpatient clinics.

Novel Frameshift Autosomal Recessive Loss-of-Function Mutation in SMARCD2 Encoding a Chromatin Remodeling Factor Mediates Granulopoiesis.

Purpose: Recently, a new form of congenital neutropenia that is caused by germline biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the SMARCD2 gene was described in four patients. Given the rarity of the condition, the clinical spectrum of the disease has remained elusive. We here report a new patient with a novel frameshift mutation and compare our patient with the previously reported SMARCD2-mutant patients, aiming to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the natural course of the disease.