Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Metamizole Metabolites after Intramuscular and Intravenous Administration in Healthy Arabian Horses.

Metamizole sodium (MT) is an analgesic and antipyretic drug molecule used in humans, horses, cattle, swine, and dogs. Metamizole rapidly hydrolyzes and turns into methylamino antipyrine (MAA), an active primary metabolite of MT. The present study aims to determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of MT metabolites after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration into sex of Arabian horses (Equus ferus caballus) using a cross-over study design.

The relationship between semen seminal plasma ions and sperm cell velocities of wild-caught longspine scraper, .

In this study, semen seminal plasma contents and the motility of sperm cells were determined in via a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. In addition, we evaluated the relationship between semen seminal plasma ions and the velocities of sperm cells. Although the predominant ions were K (  mg L ) and Na (  mg L ) in the semen seminal plasma, Ca (  mg L ) and Mg (  mg L ) were not predominate according to our results.

[Comparison of lateral deltoid splitting and deltopectoral approaches in the treatment of proximal humerus fractures].

Background: Fractures of the proximal humerus that limit function are quite common. The objective of this retrospective study was to compare deltoid splitting and deltopectoral approaches by using the same fixation method.

Methods: Eighty-six patients who underwent surgical treatment between September 2005 and July 2011 were included into the study group.