The IL-25/ILC2 axis promotes lung cancer with a concomitant accumulation of immune-suppressive cells in tumors in humans and mice.

Background: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) can be activated by interleukin (IL)-33 or IL-25. IL-25-activated ILC2 cells help protect the host against helminth infection while exacerbating allergic-like inflammation and tissue damage in the lung. In the context of cancer, IL-33-activated ILC2 cells were found to bear anti-tumoral functions in lung cancer while IL-25-activated ILC2 cells promoted tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer.