Effect of Follicular T Helper and T Helper 17 Cells-Related Molecules on Disease Severity in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis.

Introduction: Contribution of T helper 1 and 2 cells-related cytokines to pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) is well known. Recently, the contribution of follicular T helper (Tfh) and T helper 17 cells-related molecules to the pathogenesis has gained importance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the changes in Tfh- and Th17-related molecules before and after rescue therapy in patients with myasthenic crisis (cMG) and to reveal the molecular differences between stable MG and cMG patients.

The evaluation of small fibers in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Dysesthetic or ongoing extremity pain is a common symptom in all multiple sclerosis (MS) types. Although the pathology of the disease is the demyelination of central neurons, the patients may also complain of neuropathic pain in distal extremities that is generally related to A-delta and C fiber dysfunction. It is not known whether thinly myelinated and unmyelinated fibers are affected in MS patients.

The functional and structural evaluation of small fibers in asymptomatic carriers of TTR p.Val50Met (Val30Met) mutation.

Therapeutic advances in hereditary amyloid transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy extended life expectancy and delayed symptom progression especially in patients with early disease. Thus, detection and monitoring of asymptomatic carriers gained importance. However, there is still limited consensus on genetic screening of ATTRv-polyneuropathy patients' family members and diagnostic tests that must be done in the follow-up.

Sealer penetration into dentinal tubules in the presence or absence of smear layer: a confocal laser scanning microscopic study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to test the dentinal tubule penetration of AH26 (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) and MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) in instrumented root canals obturated by using cold lateral compaction or warm vertical compaction techniques in either the presence or absence of the smear layer.

Methods: Forty-five extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were used. The crowns were removed, and the root canals were instrumented by using the Self-Adjusting File (ReDent-Nova, Ra'anana, Israel) with continuous sodium hypochlorite (2.

Differences in the accumulation and distribution profile of heavy metals and metalloid between male and female crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus).

Concentrations of selected heavy metals and a metalloid were measured by ICP-MS in crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) collected from Lake Hirfanli, Turkey. Aluminum (Al), chromium ((52)Cr, (53)Cr), copper ((63)Cu, (65)Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and arsenic (As) were measured in the exoskeleton, gills, hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle tissues of 60 crayfish of both genders. With the exception of Al, differences were determined between male and female cohorts for the accumulation trends of the above-mentioned elements in the four tissues.

Tissue distribution and correlation profiles of heavy-metal accumulation in the freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus.

The present work details the analysis of heavy-metal and metalloid concentrations in exoskeleton, gill, hepatopancreas, and abdominal muscle tissues of 60 crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) specimens collected from Lake Hirfanlı, a dam lake located in Kırşehir (Turkey) with a low metal-contamination profile. Concentrations of 11 metals (aluminum [Al], chromium [Cd], manganese [Mn], cobalt [Co], nickel [Ni], copper [Cu], molybdenum [Mo], silver [Ag], cadmium [Cd], mercury [Hg], and lead [Pb]) and a metalloid (arsenic [As]) were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and the relative frequencies of the most abundant isotopes of Cr, Cu, Ag, Cd, Hg, and Pb were evaluated. Three correlation trends were evaluated between the following: (1) different elements in the each individual tissue, (2) individual elements in different tissues, and (3) different elements in different tissues.