Diet, Microbiome, and Inflammation Predictors of Fecal and Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Humans.

Background: Gut microbes produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are associated with broad health benefits. However, it is not fully known how diet and/or the gut microbiome could be modulated to improve SCFA production.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify dietary, inflammatory, and/or microbiome predictors of SCFAs in a cohort of healthy adults.

Fine-Scale Dietary Polyphenol Intake Is Associated with Systemic and Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Healthy Adults.

Background: Polyphenols are dietary bioactive compounds, many of which have anti-inflammatory properties. However, information on the intake of dietary polyphenols at the class and compound levels and their associations with gastrointestinal (GI) and systemic inflammation is lacking.

Objectives: Estimate dietary polyphenol intake in healthy adults and examine its relationship with GI and systemic inflammation markers.

Lower Diet Quality Associated with Subclinical Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Healthy United States Adults.

Background: Higher diet quality has been associated with lower risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease, but associations between diet and gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation in healthy adults prior to disease onset are understudied.

Objectives: The purpose of this project was to examine associations between reported dietary intake and markers of GI inflammation in a healthy adult human cohort.

Methods: In a cross-sectional observational trial of 358 healthy adults, participants completed ≤3 unannounced 24-h dietary recalls using the Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Tool and a Block 2014 Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess recent and habitual intake, respectively.

No Associations between Dairy Intake and Markers of Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Healthy Adult Cohort.

Dairy products are a good source of essential nutrients and past reviews have shown associations of dairy consumption with decreased systemic inflammation. Links between dairy intake and gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation are under-investigated. Therefore, we examined associations between reported dairy intake and markers of GI inflammation in healthy adults in a cross-sectional observational study, hypothesizing a negative association with yogurt intake, suggesting a protective effect, and no associations with total dairy, fluid milk, and cheese intake.

Dietary Intake of Monosaccharides from Foods is Associated with Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Healthy US Adults.

Background: Current assessment of dietary carbohydrates does not adequately reflect the nutritional properties and effects on gut microbial structure and function. Deeper characterization of food carbohydrate composition can serve to strengthen the link between diet and gastrointestinal health outcomes.

Objectives: The present study aims to characterize the monosaccharide composition of diets in a healthy US adult cohort and use these features to assess the relationship between monosaccharide intake, diet quality, characteristics of the gut microbiota, and gastrointestinal inflammation.

Association of Diet and Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthy U.S. Adults.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with expectations that AMR-associated consequences will continue to worsen throughout the coming decades. Since resistance to antibiotics is encoded in the microbiome, interventions aimed at altering the taxonomic composition of the gut might allow us to prophylactically engineer microbiomes that harbor fewer antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). Diet is one method of intervention, and yet little is known about the association between diet and antimicrobial resistance.

The Coping Strategies Questionnaire: Translation, cultural adaptation, reliability and validity in Turkish-speaking patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Background: The use of pain coping questionnaires is advantageous when selecting cognitive and behavioral targets for chronic pain management. The objective of this study was to investigate adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) in Turkish population with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Methods: The Turkish version of the questionnaire (CSQ-T) was checked in terms of reliability and validity with a convenience sample of 123 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Voice Onset Time in Patients Using Speech Prosthesis After Total Laryngectomy.

Aim: Our study was carried out to investigate the presence of known differences in voice and articulation quality after total laryngectomy. Patients provided phonation with tracheoesophageal speech prosthesis. We recorded patients' voice onset time (VOT) values - an important parameter of acoustic analysis.

Anatomical landmarks for cochlear implantatıon in ossifıed cochleas.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to introduce the facial nerve as a new anatomical landmark which can be used in ossified cochleas during cochlear implantation. We also set out to define a safe line to preserve the internal auditory canal (IAC) while drilling the basal turn of the cochlea.

Methods: Thirty patients who had temporal computed tomography (CT) were studied.

Temporal changes in postprandial blood transcriptomes reveal subject-specific pattern of expression of innate immunity genes after a high-fat meal.

White blood cells are among the first responders to dietary components and their metabolites absorbed from the gut. The objective of this study was to determine the whole blood transcriptome response to high-fat challenge meals. A total of 45 fasting and postprandial (3-h and 6-h) whole blood transcriptomes from 5 subjects in a crossover intervention trial of a high-fat meal supplemented with placebo, blueberry powder or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were analyzed using RNA sequencing.

Air Injection and Transillumination in Phonosurgery: A Novel Technique.

Objectives/hypothesis: The goal of this study was to introduce two novel techniques in phonomicrosurgery, air injection (AIR), and transillumination (TI), to improve the diagnosis and surgical excision of pathological tissue in vocal folds during suspension laryngoscopy while preserving the healthy tissue as much as possible.

Study Design: Prospective clinical case series.

Methods: Thirty-four patients with benign vocal cord lesions who underwent phonomicrosurgery between January 2016 and May 2017 were evaluated.

Fecal metatranscriptomics of macaques with idiopathic chronic diarrhea reveals altered mucin degradation and fucose utilization.

Background: Idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among juvenile rhesus macaques. Characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon and repeated bouts of diarrhea, ICD is largely unresponsive to medical interventions, including corticosteroid, antiparasitic, and antibiotic treatments. Although ICD is accompanied by large disruptions in the composition of the commensal gut microbiome, no single pathogen has been concretely identified as responsible for the onset and continuation of the disease.

Translation, cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version of the Penn Shoulder Score.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to translate the Penn Shoulder Score into Turkish and to establish its cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity in patients with shoulder dysfunctions.

Methods: The Penn Shoulder Score was translated and culturally adapted from English into Turkish. Subsequently, the Penn Shoulder Score, the Constant Score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Score, and the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index were completed by 97 patients with shoulder dysfunctions.

Relationship between scapular muscle and core endurance in healthy subjects.

Background: Scapular muscle endurance and core endurance reportedly influence shoulder injury risk. The exact relationship between scapular muscle endurance and core endurance, and how they impact one another in the healthy subjects remain unclear.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between scapular muscle endurance and core endurance in healthy subjects.

Long-term results of pillar implant procedure.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the long-term efficiency and reliability of the Pillar Implant (PI) procedure.

Patients And Methods: Between January 2008 and January 2010, a total of 27 patients (16 males, 11 females; mean age 45.8±7.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire.

Background: Low back pain is among the most common musculoskeletal system disorders. Outcome measures are needed for the measurement of function, to establish a treatment program, and for monitoring the improvement in low back pain. There exist several questionnaires enquiring about function in low back pain.

Selenoprotein W controls epidermal growth factor receptor surface expression, activation and degradation via receptor ubiquitination.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is the founding member of the ErbB family of growth factor receptors that modulate a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways controlling growth, proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Selenoprotein W (SEPW1) is a highly conserved, diet-regulated 9kDa thioredoxin-like protein required for normal cell cycle progression. We report here that SEPW1 is required for EGF-induced EGFR activation and that it functions by suppressing EGFR ubiquitination and receptor degradation.

A novel muscle for electroneurography in peripheral facial palsy: occipitalis.

Electroneurography (ENoG) is one of the most objective tests in grading the damage and prediction of prognosis in peripheral facial palsy (PFP). We aimed to determine temporal changes of ENoG recorded over occipitalis muscle in acute idiopathic PFP. Consecutive 21 patients with unilateral acute idiopathic PFP and age- and sex-matched 15 healthy volunteers were included in the study.

Assessment of cricopharyngeal muscle aging with apoptotic markers.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate histochemical markers of apoptosis in the cricopharyngeus muscle, which is the gatekeeper of the pharyngoesophageal region during the swallowing process; to investigate the effects of primary aging on this muscle; and to determine whether a relationship exists with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Materials And Methods: The study included 30 fresh cadavers with a time of death of 12 hours or less obtained from the Turkish Ministry of Justice Forensic Medicine Unit. All cadavers were dissected with routine postmortem skin incisions to extract specimens from the cricopharyngeus muscle and the esophagocardiac junction mucosa.

Effect of anti-adhesive barrier use on laryngotracheal movement after total thyroidectomy: an electrophysiological study.

Impairment of laryngotracheal movement is a possible complication after total thyroidectomy. Here, we aimed to investigate the frequency and extent of impairment of laryngotracheal movement after total thyroidectomy and the effect of anti-adhesive barrier hyaluronic acid-carboxymethylcellulose membrane positioning between strap muscles and laryngotracheal complex on deglutition. The study design is prospective clinical study.

Dietary selenium supplementation and whole blood gene expression in healthy North American men.

Selenium (Se) is a trace nutrient required in microgram amounts, with a recommended dietary allowance of 55 μg/day in humans. The nutritional functions of Se are performed by a group of 25 selenoproteins containing the unusual amino acid selenocysteine at their active sites. The selenoproteins with known activities are oxidation-reduction enzymes with roles in antioxidant protection, redox homeostasis and signaling, and thyroid hormone metabolism.

Topographic description of an alternative insertion technique for percutaneous approach of cricopharyngeus muscle electromyography: a cadaveric and clinical study.

Background: Cricopharyngeus is the only muscle for which electromyography is used in the differential diagnosis of swallowing disorders. Because of some practical difficulties, electrophysiologic tests for this muscle are not performed routinely. Thus we aimed to describe an alternative topographic way to reach the muscle easily.

Delayed cell cycle progression in selenoprotein W-depleted cells is regulated by a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4-p38/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-p53 pathway.

Selenoprotein W (SEPW1) is a ubiquitous, highly conserved thioredoxin-like protein whose depletion causes a transient p53- and p21(Cip1)-dependent G(1)-phase cell cycle arrest in breast and prostate epithelial cells. SEPW1 depletion increases phosphorylation of Ser-33 in p53, which is associated with decreased p53 ubiquitination and stabilization of p53. We report here that delayed cell cycle progression, Ser-33 phosphorylation, and p53 nuclear accumulation from SEPW1 depletion require mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4).

Cricopharyngeal muscle electromyography findings in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Objective: To analyze the grade of reflux and the behavior of the cricopharyngeal muscle (CPM) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) by means of electromyographic (EMG) analysis of CPM.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Setting: Istanbul Training and Research Hospital.