Isolated left upper eyelid ptosis with pansinusitis and contralateral otitis media in a 9-year-old boy.

Purpose: Upper eyelid ptosis has different etiologies in children and adults. In children, the common causes include orbital cellulitis, congenital ptosis, Cranial Nerve (CN) III palsy, and Horner's syndrome. The purpose of this report is to discuss an unusual presentation of ptosis.

Macular corneal dystrophy: A review.

Macular corneal dystrophy is a corneal stromal dystrophy which leads to progressive vision loss. Macular corneal dystrophy is an autosomal recessive condition in which there is abnormality of proteoglycan synthesis. Mutations in the carbohydrate sulfotransferase gene prevent normal sulfation of corneal keratan.

Periocular, periorbital, and orbital pathology in liver disease.

Although the connection is not often apparent, hepatic pathology may be associated with ophthalmic disease. We review the literature concerning the periocular, periorbital, and orbital manifestations of various hepatic disorders. This includes periocular or periorbital jaundice, the impact of hepatitis B and C, eyelid changes in cirrhosis, orbital mass lesions in hepatocellular carcinoma, and cutaneous vascular malformations as they are related to liver disease.

Risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with open-globe injuries.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors that are predictive of poor outcomes in penetrating globe trauma.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective case series evaluated 103 eyes that had been surgically treated for an open-globe injury from 2007 to 2010 at the eye clinic of the University of Virginia. A total of 64 eyes with complete medical records and at least 6 months of follow-up were included in the study.

Congenital intrascleral cyst.

Congenital intrascleral cysts are rare. They are mostly located at the limbus with corneal involvement. We report a case of a 30-month-old boy with a bulber conjunctival cyst noticed at birth.

Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis secondary to liver abscess presenting as acute iridocyclitis.

A 51-year-old man presented with acute iridocyclitis with no evidence of vitritis on B-scan that progressed to endogenous endophthalmitis. Systemic work-up revealed a large liver abscess. Urine, blood, liver abscess, and vitreous aspirate cultures all grew Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Intraocular pressure change in orbital disease.

Intraocular pressure change has been found concurrent with many orbital pathologies, particularly those involving proptosis. The objective of this review is to offer an inclusive classification of orbital disease-related intraocular pressure change, not only for oculoplastics and glaucoma specialists, but also for general ophthalmologists. Various orbital conditions associated with increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma are comprehensively summarized, and pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options of these diseases are discussed.

An unusual case of retinoblastoma.

The authors describe the treatment and complications of a case of retinoblastoma with an atypical presentation. A 20-month-old girl was diagnosed as having unilateral retinoblastoma by cytopathology during pars plana vitrectomy and the right eye was enucleated. Following the enucleation, computed tomography detected a questionable focus of retinoblastoma in the residual optic nerve.

Optic neuropathy caused by naso-orbital mass in chronic intranasal cocaine abuse.

A 48-year-old woman with a history of chronic intranasal cocaine abuse presented with unilateral proptosis associated with severe visual loss from optic neuropathy in the right eye. Imaging showed extensive bone and soft tissue destruction in the paranasal region and an orbital mass. Initial biopsies suggested a low-grade neoplasm.

Orbital hyperostosis following exenteration.

Purpose: To report the development of unilateral, diffuse hyperostosis of orbital bones in 3 postexenteration patients.

Methods: Three advanced cases of periorbital and orbital malignancies are presented, and their clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features are reviewed.

Results: Postexenteration CT showed thickened orbital walls in all 3 cases.

Ocular involvement after subgaleal hematoma.

Subgaleal hemorrhage (SGH) is a known complication of both major and minor childhood head trauma. Rarely, it can be associated with intraorbital hemorrhage and ocular compromise. We report a child who presented with SGH and later developed orbital hemorrhages bilaterally with loss of vision necessitating surgical intervention.

Did Edgar Degas have an inherited retinal degeneration?

Objective: Retrospective analysis of the famous painter Edgar Degas' eye disease.

Design: A historical review and analysis based on Degas' paintings and letters exchanged between the painter and his friends and family members, as well as on the chronicles of his associates. DeGas-Musson family papers at the Howard-Tilton Library of Tulane University are also reviewed.

Conjunctival biopsy of anophthalmic socket in sarcoidosis.

A case of sarcoidosis was diagnosed by a random conjunctival biopsy from an anophthalmic socket. A 22-year-old black female patient presented with anterior and posterior uveitis and subconjunctival nodules in the left eye. Her right eye was enucleated due to a penetrating injury 3 years before admission.

Bilateral reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the orbit in a child with Russell-Silver syndrome.

Russell-Silver syndrome (RSS) primarily includes intrauterine growth retardation, postnatal growth failure, body asymmetry, and craniofacial disproportion. Four types of malignancies have been reported in patients with RSS: craniopharyngioma, testicular seminoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and Wilms tumor.

Growth factor receptor expression in orbital lymphangioma: possible therapeutic implications.

Objective: To examine the expression of molecules targeted by imatinib mesylate (STI571;Gleevec) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in orbital lymphangiomas.

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Participants: Six patients with orbital lymphangioma treated at four institutions between March 2000 and December 2002.

Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Although rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare tumor among the entire group of mesenchymal malignancies, it is a relatively common lesion and significant challenge for the ocular oncologist in terms of its diagnosis and management.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of articles published over the past 30 years in PubMed was conducted.

Results: Orbital RMS usually presents as a space-occupying lesion in the orbit during the first decade and may mimic other neoplastic or inflammatory masses.

Optic nerve changes following posterior insertion of glaucoma drainage device in rabbit model.

Objective: To study the histopathological changes in the optic nerve following posterior insertion of a glaucoma drainage device.

Methods: The Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) (model no. S-3) was inserted 10 to 12 mm behind the limbus in the superotemporal quadrant of the rabbit eye.

Orbital xanthogranuloma: clinical and morphologic features in eight patients.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and morphologic features of patients with orbital xanthogranuloma (XG) with or without Erdheim-Chester disease (E-Cd).

Methods: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. A review of 8 consecutive histopathologically proven cases of orbital XG from 3 medical centers.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for retinoblastoma.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of diagnostic fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in eyes with retinoblastoma (RB) as well as its indications and potential complications.

Methods: A retrospective study by survey was designed and a questionnaire inquiring on FNAB use in RB diagnosis during the past 15 years was submitted to 12 high-volume ocular oncology clinics.

Results: A total of 3,651 patients with RB have been diagnosed and treated in 12 clinics since 1985.