Focusing Effects on Laser-Induced Plasma Parameters: Applications to a Graphite Target Under Martian Atmospheric Conditions.

Under various atmospheric conditions, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful technique for elemental analysis, including in Earth- and Mars-like environments. However, understanding the plasma behavior and its dependence on ambient pressure and laser parameters remains a challenge. In this study, a numerical model based on a three-temperature Eulerian radiation framework under non-local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions is employed to investigate the interaction of a nanosecond laser pulse with a graphite target under helium (He) and carbon dioxide (CO atmospheres.

Theoretical study of electrocatalytic properties of low-dimensional freestanding PbTiO for hydrogen evolution reactions.

The discovery of novel materials for catalytic purposes that are highly stable is one of the main challenges nowadays for reducing our dependence on fossil fuels. Here, low-dimensional PbTiO is introduced as an electrocatalyst using first-principles calculations. Density-functional theory calculations indicate that 2D-PbTiO is dynamically and thermodynamically stable.

Morphological Study of Nanostructures Induced by Direct Femtosecond Laser Ablation on Diamond.

High spatial frequency laser induced periodic surface structure (HSFL) morphology induced by femtosecond laser with 230 fs pulse duration, 250 kHz repetition rate at 1030 nm wavelength on CVD diamond surface is investigated and discussed. The spatial modification was characterized and analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and 2D-Fast Fourier Transform (2D-FFT). We studied the effect of pulse number and laser power on the spatial development of nanostructures, and also deduced the impact of thermal accumulation effect on their morphology.