Seroprevalence of hepatitis B among the general population in Shandong Province, Eastern China, an update 30 years after the implementation of the neonatal vaccination program.

Background: In 1992, Hepatitis B vaccine was first recommended for routine neonatal immunization in China. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Shandong Province, eastern China (updating our previous study in 2014), and to help guide the efforts of hepatitis B elimination.

Methods: We determined prevalence of HBV infection from the remaining serum samples collected through a population-based survey, which was originally intended for a seroepidemiological survey of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies conducted in 2023.

Cooperative effects of three preservatives on physiological quality, endophytic bacterial community and volatile organic compounds of postharvest Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta roots.

Background: Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (CPVM) is a famous medicinal and edible plant of Campanulaceae. However, fresh CPVM roots (FCPVR) are prone to softening, browning and spoilage after concentrated harvesting in the main production area of Gansu Province, China in autumn, which poses great challenges to their large-scale storage and modern processing.

Metagenomic sequencing reveals viral diversity of mosquitoes from Shandong Province, China.

Unlabelled: Mosquitoes carry a large number of known and unknown viruses, some of which could cause serious diseases in humans or animals. Metagenomic sequencing for mosquito viromes is crucial for understanding the evolutionary history of viruses and preventing emerging mosquito-borne diseases. We collected 1,598 mosquitoes belonging to four species from five counties in Shandong Province, China in 2021.

Environmental Surveillance of Human Astroviruses in Jinan City of China, 2020-2021.

Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are a significant etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis in children. In order to investigate the circulation of HAstVs during the COVID-19 pandemic, a 2-year environmental surveillance was conducted in Jinan between 2020 and 2021. A total of 24 sewage samples were collected and concentrated.

Genomic characterization of an Omono River virus isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus in eastern China.

Omono River virus (OMRV) is a newly reported, unclassified RNA virus in the family Totiviridae, which infects mosquitoes and bats. In this study, we report the isolation of an OMRV strain SD76 from Culex tritaeniorhynchus captured in Jinan city, China. The cytopathic effect was characterized by cell fusion on C6/36 cell line.

The genetic basis and potential molecular mechanism of yellow-albino northern snakehead ().

Body colour is an important economic trait for commercial fishes. Recently, a new colour morph displaying market-favoured yellow skin (termed as yellow-mutant, YM) of northern snakehead () was discovered in China. We confirmed that YM snakehead is an albino with complete loss of melanin in the skin and eyes by histological and ultrastructural observations, and inherited as a recessive Mendelian trait.

Evolutionary phylogeography reveals novel genotypes of coxsackievirus A24 variant and updates the spatiotemporal dynamics in the population with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

Objectives: The coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) has raised a remarkable concern because of its main etiological role in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to summarize CVA24v isolated from acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks and acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in Shandong province, China during 1988-2020. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic methods based on the VP1 coding region were used to determine the CVA24v origin, spatiotemporal dynamics, and evolution.

Identification of the first C1 subgenotype of enterovirus 71 in the Chinese mainland in a retrospective study.

The C4 sub-genotype of Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been identified as the most dominant sub-genotype circulating in the Chinese mainland since 1998. The circulation situation of EV71 before 1998 is not well established due to insufficient experimental data. The C1 subgenotype of EV71 has not yet been reported in the Chinese mainland by now.

Detection of multiple human astroviruses in sewage by next generation sequencing.

Human astrovirus (HAstV) composes of classic HAstV serotypes 1-8 and recently discovered novel HAstV-MLB and HAstV-VA strains. A number of studies have demonstrated that wastewater analysis is an effective approach to understand the prevalence and diversity of enteric viruses in local population. However, a comprehensive analysis of classic and novel HAstVs in sewage is still lacking.

Comparative study on molecular epidemiology of measles H1 outbreak and sporadic cases in Shandong Province, 2013-2019.

Background: Measles caused by measles virus (MeV) is a highly contagious viral disease which has also been associated with complications including pneumonia, myocarditis, encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The current study isolated 33 strains belonging to 2 groups, outbreak and sporadic strains, in 13 cities of Shandong province, China from 2013 to 2019. Comparison of genetic characterization among 15 outbreak strains and 18 sporadic strains was performed by analyzing nucleotide sequences of the C-terminal region of N protein gene (N-450).

Genomic diversity of human papillomavirus type 6 from patients with condyloma acuminatum in Eastern China.

Objective: Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV6) is the major etiological agent of anogenital warts both men and women. However, there is limited data on its genomic characterization in mainland China. The aim of this study was to understand the complete genomic diversity of HPV6 from patients with condyloma acuminatum (CA) and to explore the prevalence of different variant lineages/sublineages in eastern China.

Detection of Human Sapoviruses in Sewage in China by Next Generation Sequencing.

Human sapovirus (SaV) is an important causative agent of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. However, little is known about its circulation in China. To study the prevalence and diversity of human SaV genotypes circulating in eastern China, a 3-year environmental surveillance combined with next generation sequencing (NGS) technology was conducted.

Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiological characterization of group A rotaviruses in raw sewage in Jinan by next generation sequencing.

Objective: To understand the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology characteristics of group A Rotavirus (RVA) in domestic sewage through next generation sequencing (NGS), and to explore the feasibility and necessity of NGS method for RVA environmental surveillance.

Methods: In this study, two sewage samples from Jinan each quarter in 2019 were selected for concentration, RNA extraction, and then RT-PCR reaction. The amplified positive products were subjected to NGS.

Prevalence and Bayesian Phylogenetics of Enteroviruses Derived From Environmental Surveillance Around Polio Vaccine Switch Period in Shandong Province, China.

We present the results of environmental surveillance for poliovirus (PV) and non-poliovirus (NPEV) around the switch from trivalent to bivalent oral polio-vaccine (OPV) which occurred in China in May 2016. Sewage samples were collected in Jinan and Linyi city from 2015 to 2017. Enterovirus (EV) isolation, VP1 amplification, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were performed.

Detection of enteroviruses in urban sewage by next generation sequencing and its application in environmental surveillance.

Environmental surveillance has been used successfully in monitoring enterovirus (EV) circulation; however cell culture method may introduce a selective bias in those EV strains that are recovered from the environment. In this study, urban sewage samples were collected monthly in Jinan, China in 2018 and concentrated via membrane adsorption/elution method. A P1 seminested RT-PCR (RT-snPCR) and NGS method was developed, by which amplicons of 4000 nucleotide in length covering the entire P1 region of EVs were obtained from sewage concentrates and were further analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS).

Environmental Surveillance Complements Case-Based Surveillance of Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Polio Endgame Strategy 2019-2023.

The Polio Endgame Strategy 2019-2023 has been developed. However, more effective and efficient surveillance activities should be conducted with the preparedness of emergence for vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) or wild poliovirus (WPV). We reviewed the impact of the case-based acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance (1991 to 2018) and environmental surveillance (2011 to 2018) in polio eradication in Shandong province of China.

Novel astrovirus types circulating in Shandong Province (Eastern China) during 2016: A clinical and environmental surveillance.

Background: In recent years, several novel astroviruses have been discovered by molecular assays. Their prevalence in many parts of the world remains unclear.

Objectives: To investigate the existence and genetic diversity of novel astroviruses in China.

Complete genome characterization of three enterovirus C96 isolates in China.

Enterovirus C96 (EV-C96) is a newer member of the species Enterovirus C. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequences of three EV-C96 isolates, one recovered from domestic sewage in 2013 and the other two isolated during surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis cases in 1991 and 2009, respectively. The complete genome sequences of these isolates were 75.

Identification and genetic analysis of Kadipiro virus isolated in Shandong province, China.

Background: Kadipiro virus (KDV) belongs to the Reoviridae family, which consists of segmented, non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA viruses. It has previously been isolated from Culex, Anopheles, Armigeres and Aedes mosquitoes in Indonesia and China. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of SDKL1625 from Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes in Shandong province, China.

Analysis of enterovirus types in patients with symptoms of aseptic meningitis in 2014 in Shandong, China.

We reviewed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 927 aseptic meningitis patients in Shandong in 2014, and the phylogeny of predominant enterovirus (EV) types causing this disease was analyzed. A total of 209 patients that were positive for EV were identified by both cell culture and a reverse transcription-seminested PCR in cerebrospinal fluid samples. The positive patients were most likely to be children within 15 years of age, had symptoms such as fever, vomiting and nausea (P＜ .

Multiple transmission chains of coxsackievirus A4 co-circulating in China and neighboring countries in recent years: Phylogenetic and spatiotemporal analyses based on virological surveillance.

Coxsackievirus A4 (CV-A4) has been reported frequently in association with many infectious diseases and cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease potentially associated with CV-A4 infection are also identified. This study summarized the Shandong CV-A4 strains isolated from 25years acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, with an emphasis on exploring the phylogenetic analyses and spatiotemporal dynamics of CV-A4 at the global scale. We sampled 43 CV-A4 isolates and utilized VP1 gene to construct phylogenetic trees.

Evolutionary phylogeography and transmission pattern of echovirus 14: an exploration of spatiotemporal dynamics based on the 26-year acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in Shandong, China.

Background: Echovirus 14 (E-14) causes various clinical recognized syndromes, mostly with gastrointestinal syndrome and paralysis. The current study summarized the Shandong E-14 strains isolated from a 26-year acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, and elucidated the characterization of phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of E-14 worldwide.

Results: As a predominant serotype circulating in AFP surveillance, phylogenetic analysis showed that E-14 exhibited both time and geographic subdivision worldwide.

Role of quality control circle in sustained improvement of hand hygiene compliance: an observational study in a stomatology hospital in Shandong, China.

Background: Hand hygiene is an important element of the WHO multimodal strategy for healthcare-associated infection control, whereas compliance of hand hygiene among healthcare workers (HCWs) remains a challenge to sustain. In order to increase the hand hygiene compliance of HCWs, a quality control circle (QCC) program was carried out in our hospital, and the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) method was applied for 12 months.

Findings: Hand hygiene compliance rates improved over time, with significant improvement between preintervention (60.

[Phylogenetic Analysis of Complete VP1 Sequence of Coxsackievirus B1 in Shandong Province, China ].

To investigate the molecular epidemiological characterization of coxsackieivirus B1(CV-B1),we performed VP1 sequencing on all isolates from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, environmental surveillance and viral meningitis specimens from 1994 to 2015.A total of 53CV-B1 strains were isolated, among which 41 strains,4strains,and 8strains were obtained from AFP surveillance, environmental surveillance and meningitis specimens, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 entire coding region revealed that Shandong CV-B1 strains were segregated into a major cluster alongside with other domestic strains, with no foreign strains existing in this cluster.