Advances in 3D and 4D Printing of Gel-Based Foods: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Directions.

This review examines recent advancements in gel-based 3D and 4D food-printing technologies, with a focus on their applications in personalized nutrition and functional foods. It emphasizes the critical role of tunable rheological and mechanical properties in gels such as starch, protein, and Pickering emulsions, which are essential for successful printing. The review further explores 4D food printing, highlighting stimuli-responsive mechanisms, including color changes and deformation induced by external factors like temperature and pH.

Bioinspired Janus Mesh with Mechanical Support and Side-specific Biofunctions for Hernia Repair.

Postoperative adhesion (PA) caused by the combination of proteins, inflammatory response and bacterial infection poses substantial challenges for polypropylene meshes (PPMs) based hernioplasty. Herein, inspired by the peritoneum, a Janus PPMs with side-specific functions was developed via a surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerization technology. A physical barrier composed of zwitterionic polymer brushes (PS) was firstly constructed on the one side of the PPMs, while the polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) brushes acting as the linker for bioactive nanoparticles (HAP) were precisely situated on the opposite surface subsequently.

A bi-directional segmentation method for prostate ultrasound images under semantic constraints.

Due to the lack of sufficient labeled data for the prostate and the extensive and complex semantic information in ultrasound images, accurately and quickly segmenting the prostate in transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images remains a challenging task. In this context, this paper proposes a solution for TRUS image segmentation using an end-to-end bidirectional semantic constraint method, namely the BiSeC model. The experimental results show that compared with classic or popular deep learning methods, this method has better segmentation performance, with the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 96.

The Expression of MDM2 Gene Promoted Chondrocyte Proliferation in Rats with Osteoarthritis via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of MDM2 gene expression on cartilage cell proliferation in Osteoarthritis (OA) rats. For this purpose, 22 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control (10 cases) and treated (12 cases) groups. Treated group was used for OA modelling with the modified Hulth method.

Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) TCR signaling pathway was involved in response against Cryptocaryon irritans infection.

T cell activation is a complicated process accompanying with the activation of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway, which is not well described in teleost fish. The initiation of this pathway depends on the interaction of membrane TCR co-receptors (e.g.

Acromial approach for treating glenoid fractures: A report of two cases and a literature review.

Surgery is usually recommended for displaced glenoid fractures, with open reduction and internal fixation as the standard operative treatment. Three approaches have been recommended in the reduction of glenoid fractures: Anterior, posterior and combined; however, a traditional approach may be difficult due to a high position or a comminuted Ideberg type III fracture. The combined approach results in a longer incision and more soft tissue injury when associated with an acromial fracture.

Aerobic Dimerization of Enediyne Compounds: Construction of Naphthalene Frameworks.

The first bimolecular oxygenative annulation of enediyne compounds leading to naphthalene frameworks has been developed by using Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst in the presence of NaI under O2 (1 atm). This reaction provided efficient access to a class of symmetric core-annulated naphthalenes by the homoannulation of enediyne-imides. Intriguingly, the crossover annulation of enediyne-imides and other functionalized enediynes could also be achieved by the same catalytic system, resulting in the formation of several unsymmetrical naphthalene derivatives.

Palladium/copper-catalyzed aerobic intermolecular cyclization of enediyne compounds and alkynes: interrupting cycloaromatization for (4 + 2) cross-benzannulation.

A tandem coupling-ketooxygenation reaction of readily accessible enediyne-carboxylic compounds with inner alkynes has been developed that utilizes the PdCl2/CuBr2 catalytic system under an O2 atmosphere and assembles a class of isoindolinones and o-acylbenzoic acids. The two oxygen atoms are regioselectively incorporated into enediyne units at the 1- and 6-positions from atmospheric molecular oxygen and H2O, respectively, during the present process. This study uncovered a formal [4C + 2C] benzannulation-diketonization of enediynes and alkynes via a coupling and decoupling strategy.

Pd-catalyzed branching cyclizations of enediyne-imides toward furo[2,3-b]pyridines.

The convergent synthesis of a class of enediyne-imides as well as their palladium-catalyzed branching cyclizations, which can be accomplished in two ways leading to a set of polysubstituted furo[2,3-b]pyridines upon using the N-tosyl carboxamide moiety as an N,O-bisnucleophile, are presented.

Three-component assembly of conjugated enyne scaffolds via E-selective olefination of ynals.

Benefited by the accessible ynamido-lithium intermediates Ib from a Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of LiOH, a mild and flexible three-component route to conjugated enyne scaffolds was successfully achieved via a formal E-selective olefination strategy.