Robust fluorinated cellulose composite aerogels incorporating radiative cooling and thermal insulation for regionally adaptable building thermal management.

Passive radiative cooling (PRC) is an emerging sustainable technology that plays a key role for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. However, several challenges remain for PRC materials in their practical application in building thermal management, including overcooling problems and unsatisfactory cooling efficiency caused by solar absorption and parasitic heat gains. In this work, fluorinated cellulose-based composite aerogels (FCCA) integrating thermal insulation and PRC were developed by a facile manufacturing strategy that combined phase separation and freeze-drying.

Assessing the Impact of Frailty on Infection Risk in Older Adults: Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of death and disability and are recognized as a major cause of health loss globally. At the same time, frailty as a geriatric syndrome is a rapidly growing major public health problem. However, few studies have investigated the incidence and risk of infectious diseases in frail older people.

Quantitative analysis and environmental assessments of gaseous inorganic compounds in Asphalt fume.

The Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in asphalt fume is widely concerned currently due to its biological toxicity, while the negative effects by asphalt Gaseous Inorganic Compounds (GICs) have not been well quantified and addressed yet. The study investigated the thermodynamic characteristics of base and modified asphalt binders during the multiple phases of releasing the GICs, then the releasing amounts and concentrations of GICs were quantified by fume analyzer. Meanwhile, the environmental impacts of GICs from 4 kinds of asphalt binders have been quantified and interpreted.

Controllable preparation of 2D carbon paper modified with flower-like WS for efficient microwave absorption.

In the practical application of microwave absorbing materials, traditional powder materials need to be mixed with the matrix to fabricate composite coatings. However, the complex preparation process of composite coatings and the uneven dispersion of powders in the matrix limit their application. To solve these problems, two-dimensional (2D) F-WS/CP composite films were prepared by using carbon paper (CP) as a dispersion matrix and loading flower-like WS on its surface through a simple hydrothermal method.

Triple therapy in biliary tract cancers: GemOX plus immune checkpoint inhibitor in combination with lenvatinib or NGS-guided targeted therapy.

Purpose: The combination of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors has a good efficacy in advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). The multi-target TKI lenvatinib and NGS-guided targeted therapy are also promising in BTC treatment. This study aimed to explore the performance of GemOX plus sintilimab and TKI (either lenvatinib or by NGS-guided targeted therapy) for local advanced or metastatic BTCs.

A MXene-based multiple catalyst for highly efficient photocatalytic removal of nitrate.

Photocatalytic removal of nitrate in wastewater has attracted wide attention because of its simple operation and environmental protection. However, the preparation of photocatalysts with high efficiency and high nitrogen selectivity is still a challenge. In this paper, TiO is grown in situ on TiC MXene by a simple calcination method and modified with silver particles.

Elevated serum CA19-9 indicates severe liver inflammation and worse survival after curative resection in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

We explored the prognostic value of preoperative CA19-9 in α-fetoprotein (AFP)-positive and -negative HCC with hepatitis B virus (HBV) background (HBV-HCC), and explored the underlying mechanism. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed in HBV-HCC patients who underwent curative resection (Cohort 1). Immunohistochemical staining of CA19-9 in HCC and liver parenchyma were quantified in another cohort of 216 patients with resected HCC (Cohort 2).

More diversified antibiotic resistance genes in chickens and workers of the live poultry markets.

Background: Poultry farms and LPMs are a reservoir of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and resistance genes from feces. The LPM is an important interface between humans, farm animals, and environments in a typical urban environment, and it is considered a reservoir for ARGs and viruses. However, the antibiotic resistomes shared between chicken farms and LPMs, and that of LPM workers and people who have no contact with the LPMs remains unknown.

Next-generation sequencing-guided molecular-targeted therapy and immunotherapy for biliary tract cancers.

Background: Chemotherapy is a standard regimen for advanced or relapsed biliary tract cancer (BTC) with a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of approximately 5% and a median OS of less than a year. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy aimed at providing more personalized treatments for BTCs have been tested. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of targeted therapy and immunotherapy on advanced BTC patients.

Systemic treatment of advanced or recurrent biliary tract cancer.

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a disease entity comprising diverse epithelial tumors with features of cholangiocyte differentiation, and it includes cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and gallbladder cancer (GBC). Depending on its anatomical location, cholangiocarcinoma is categorized as intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), or distal (dCCA). Nearly two-thirds of patients with biliary tract cancer present with advanced disease at diagnosis and in 68-86% of resections the cancer eventually recurs either locoregionally or at a distance.

Effects of boron doping on structural, electronic, elastic, and optical properties of energetic crystal 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide: a theoretical study using the first principles calculation and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

Boron-contained compounds are one kind of new energetic materials, and have been synthesized successfully lately. However, the effects of introduced boron atoms into the energetic system are unclear. In this work, using the known insensitive energy crystal 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-l-oxide (LLM-105) as the model compound, boron doping effects on its crystal structure, band gap and structure, intermolecular contacts, sensitivity, elastic property, optical absorption behavior, and dielectric function were studied by the first principles calculations and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

Avian Influenza A Viruses among Occupationally Exposed Populations, China, 2014-2016.

To determine the seroprevalence and seroconversion of avian influenza virus (AIV) antibodies in poultry workers, we conducted a seroepidemiologic study in 7 areas of China during December 2014-April 2016. We used viral isolation and reverse transcription PCR to detect AIVs in specimens from live poultry markets. We analyzed 2,124 serum samples obtained from 1,407 poultry workers by using hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays.

Theoretical design of novel high energy metal complexes based on two complementary oxygen-rich mixed ligands of 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diol and 1,1'-dinitramino-5,5'-bistetrazole.

In this study, 16 new energetic metal complexes [M(DNABT)(ATDO), M=Cu, Ni] were designed using the mixed complex construct strategy, which was based on two complementary oxygen-rich high-energy ligands of 1,1'-dinitramino-5,5'-bistetrazole (DNABT) and 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diol (ATDO), then combined with metals Cu and Ni, and further adjusted by the introduction of NO and NH. The molecular and electronic structures, heat of formation (HOF), density, detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and sensitivity were investigated by the density functional theory method. The results showed that in metals, the position and amount of NO/NH have great effects on the structure and property of metal complexes, and these effects coupled with each other.

Development of a Novel Terpolymer as a Green and Efficient Decalcifying Agent for Crude Petroleum.

A novel environmental decalcifying agent was prepared with allylpolyethoxy amino carboxylate (APEAA), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), and maleic anhydride (MA) by means of free-radical polymerization in an aqueous solution. The morphology and structure of the samples were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and H nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) spectra. The molecular-weight distribution of APEAA-HEA-MA was determined by the gel permeation chromatography method.

Highly Active Hierarchical Au Nanoparticles/Cellulose@TiO₂ Prepared by Surface Charge Assisted Self-Assembly.

The catalyst Au/cellulose@TiO₂ with a hierarchical structure was one-pot synthesized by conventional deposition-precipitation urea method. Nanosized TiO₂ particles, instead of self-agglomeration, homogeneously dispersed on the microsized microcrystalline cellulose. Simultaneously, gold particles with particle size of about 3.

Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine Administered Simultaneously With Hepatitis B Vaccine and Group A Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine: A Phase 4, Open-Label, Single-Center, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial.

Background: This study tested the hypothesis that the immunogenicity and safety of the simultaneous administration of enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine (dose 1) with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) on day 1 and EV71 vaccine (dose 2) with group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MenA) on day 30 is not inferior to separate administration of each vaccine.

Methods: The study was designed as a randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial. A total of 775 healthy infants aged 6 months were randomly assigned in a ratio of 1:1:1 to receive simultaneous administration of EV71 vaccine (dose 1) and HepB on day 1 and EV71 vaccine (dose 2) and MenA on day 30 (the SI group); administration of doses 1 and 2 of EV71 vaccine on days 1 and 30, respectively (the SE1 group); or administration of HepB and MenA on days 1 and 30, respectively (the SE2 group).

Facile one-step synthesis of TiO/Ag/SnO ternary heterostructures with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity.

Novel TiO/Ag/SnO composites were successfully prepared by a facile one-step reduction approach using stannous chloride as both SnO precursor and reducing agent. The Ag nanoparticles with sizes of 2.04-3.

A DFT study of the structure-property relationships of bistetrazole-based high-nitrogen energetic metal complexes.

In this work, six series of new energetic metal complexes were designed. Each complex contained a large, high-energy, high-nitrogen, anionic chelating ligand (either the 5,5'-bistetrazolate anion, the 5,5'-azobistetrazolate anion, or the 5,5'-(hydrazine-1,2-diyl)bis-[1H-tetrazol-1-ide] anion-each of which has a different bridging group), Cu or Ni as the metal atom, and two small complexing agent ligands (NH and/or NHNO). The molecular and electronic structures, heats of formation, densities, detonation properties, and impact sensitivities of the novel complexes were studied using density functional theory.

New Threats from H7N9 Influenza Virus: Spread and Evolution of High- and Low-Pathogenicity Variants with High Genomic Diversity in Wave Five.

H7N9 virus has caused five infection waves since it emerged in 2013. The highest number of human cases was seen in wave 5; however, the underlying reasons have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, the geographical distribution, phylogeny, and genetic evolution of 240 H7N9 viruses in wave 5, including 35 new isolates from patients and poultry in nine provinces, were comprehensively analyzed together with strains from first four waves.

The search for new powerful energetic transition metal complexes based on 3,3'-dinitro-5,5'-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1,1'-diolate anion: a DFT study.

In this study, employing a new high oxygen balance energetic 3,3'-dinitro-5,5'-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1,1'-diolate anion (DNBTDO) as the bidentate ligand, NH and NHNO as short energetic ligands, and Cu/Ni as the metal atoms, two series of novel energetic metal complexes were computationally designed. Their structures and properties were studied by density functional theory, electrostatic potential data, and molecular mechanics methods. The results showed that the designed metal complexes have high detonation performance and acceptable sensitivity: Cu/Ni(DNBTDO)(NHNO) (A3/B3) have better detonation properties and lower sensitivity than the most powerful CHNO explosive hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, Cu/Ni(DNBTDO)(NH)(NHNO) (A2/B2) have comparable energetic performance and sensitivity with 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane, Ni(DNBTDO)(NH) (B1) has comparative energy level and sensitivity with 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane.

Facile Photochemical Synthesis of Au/Pt/g-C3N4 with Plasmon-Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Antibiotic Degradation.

A novel plasmonic photocatalyst, Au/Pt/g-C3N4, was prepared by a facile calcination-photodeposition technique. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and the results demonstrated that the Au and Pt nanoparticles (7-15 nm) were well-dispersed on the surfaces of g-C3N4. The Au/Pt codecorated g-C3N4 heterostructure displayed enhanced photocatalytic activity for antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) degradation, and the degradation rate was 3.

A highly reactive and enhanced thermal stability nanocomposite catalyst based on Au nanoparticles assembled in the inner surface of SiO₂ hollow nanotubes.

A novel hollow tubular SiO2-Au catalyst with a mesoporous structure (HTMS) was successfully fabricated by a combination of the sol-gel and calcination processes. This method involves the preparation of modified MWCNTs, the sequential deposition of Au and then silica layers through the sol-gel processes, and finally the calcination at the desired temperature to remove the MWCNTs. The obtained samples were characterized by several techniques, such as N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, UV-Vis spectra, X-ray diffraction and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA).

Synthesis and characterization of a novel Au nanocatalyst with increased thermal stability.

We report the synthesis of a new Au nanocatalyst with increased thermal stability. This catalyst system consisted of gold nanoparticles attached to functionalized TiO2/SiO2 core-shell nanocomposites, together with the encapsulation of mesoporous silica. The synthesis process mainly involved four steps, which included the synthesis of the TiO2/SiO2 core-shell composites, synthesis of the Au/TiO2/SiO2 particles, coating of Au/TiO2/SiO2 with silica, and etching the outer silica layer.

Well-crystallized mesoporous TiO2 shells for enhanced photocatalytic activity: prepared by carbon coating and silica-protected calcination.

Mesoporous anatase-phase TiO2 hollow shells were successfully fabricated by the solvothermal and calcination process. This method involves preparation of SiO2@TiO2 core-shell colloidal templates, sequential deposition of carbon and then silica layers through solvothermal and sol-gel processes, crystallization of TiO2 by calcination and finally removal of the inner and outer silica to produce hollow anatase TiO2 shells. The prepared samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy.