Implementing digital sexual and reproductive health care services in youth clinics: a qualitative study on perceived barriers and facilitators among midwives in Stockholm, Sweden.

Background: Digital health care services have the potential to improve access to sexual and reproductive health care for youth but require substantial implementation efforts to translate into individual and public health gains. Health care providers are influential both regarding implementation and utilization of the services, and hence, their perceptions of digital health care services and the implementation process are essential to identify and address. The aim of this study was to explore midwives' perception of digital sexual and reproductive health care services for youth, and to identify perceived barriers and facilitators of the implementation of digital health care provision in youth clinics.

Evaluation of safety and efficacy as an adjuvant for the chitosan-based vaccine delivery vehicle ViscoGel in a single-blind randomised Phase I/IIa clinical trial.

ViscoGel, a chitosan-based hydrogel, has earlier been shown to improve humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. In this study, a Phase I/IIa clinical trial was conducted to primarily evaluate safety and secondarily to study the effects of ViscoGel in combination with a model vaccine, Act-HIB to Haemophilus influenzae type b, administered as a single intramuscular injection. Healthy volunteers of both sexes, ages 22-50 and not previously vaccinated to HIB, were recruited.

Comparative studies of apoptosis in Xenopus laevis and mouse thymoma cell lines.

With the use of in vitro methods and cell lines, functional aspects of apoptosis in the Xenopus laevis B3/B7 and mouse EL4 thymoma cell lines are revealed. Moreover, by using information gleaned from digital imaging and immunocytochemistry, changes in locations of key proteins implicated in apoptotic anti-cancer responses, e.g.

Improved immune responses in mice using the novel chitosan adjuvant ViscoGel, with a Haemophilus influenzae type b glycoconjugate vaccine.

An immune response to an antigen is more efficiently induced in combination with an adjuvant. Chitosan has due to documented immunostimulatory characteristics been proposed as an adjuvant candidate. However, a disadvantage with chitosan is its poor solubility at physiological pH.

Stability of the cathelicidin peptide LL-37 in a non-healing wound environment.

The endogenous cathelicidin peptide LL-37 is strongly expressed at the wound edge early in the process of acute wound healing, but only weakly expressed in chronic wounds. Excessive proteolysis may limit the therapeutic usefulness of exogenous LL-37, especially in ulcers colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa that produce elastase, which degrades LL-37. This study investigated the stability of synthetic LL-37 against two types of proteinases in the presence or absence of wound fluid samples (diluted to 10-20%) from nine non-healing venous leg ulcers.

Antioxidants protect keratinocytes against M. ulcerans mycolactone cytotoxicity.

Background: Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of necrotizing skin ulcerations in distinctive geographical areas. M. ulcerans produces a macrolide toxin, mycolactone, which has been identified as an important virulence factor in ulcer formation.

Ontogeny of B cells expressing IgM in embryonic and larval tissues of the American grass frog, Rana pipiens.

Affinity-purified, fluorochrome-tagged F(ab')(2) antibody fragments specific for heavy (mu) chains of Rana pipiens IgM were prepared from hyperimmune rabbit sera. By using two-color immunofluorescent procedures we observed that (1) the first cells expressing IgM, termed pre-B cells, lack detectable quantities of membrane or surface IgM but contain detectable quantities of cytoplasmic IgM (smu(-)/cmu(+)), (2) sIgM(+) B cells were the second type of IgM containing cell to appear in development, and (3) plasma cells, which contain copious quantities of cIgM, were the final phenotype to appear in the development of B cells expressing IgM. These cells were first observed in the pronephros of the developing urogenital system.

Immunohistochemical evidence that gonads and gonad-associated tissues are sites for enrichment with immunoglobulin-containing cells in adult chickens.

Immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections prepared from gonads and gonad-associated tissues obtained from adult chickens was performed in order to assess the possibility that these tissues may be sites of enrichment with IgM-containing cells in various B lineages. Evidence is presented which suggests that IgM-containing B lineage cells are present in 1) the ovarian stroma and subcapsular areas of the ovary and 2) the interstitium and subcapsular areas of the epididymis of the testes. These represent new sites reported for B lineage cells in adult chickens.

In vitro differentiation of B cells and myeloid cells from the early mouse embryo and its extraembryonic yolk sac.

The yolk sac is the first site of hematopoiesis during ontogeny. However, the source of early embryonic hematopoietic stem cells remains unresolved. Early studies have shown that cells obtained from day-8 and -9 extraembryonic yolk sacs can give rise to T cells and myeloid cells, whereas the embryo itself appears to lack such cells.

Immunoglobulin-containing cells in chick embryo urogenital tissues: a new site for early B lineage cells in endothermic vertebrates.

We have employed histological and immunofluorescent staining procedures in order to characterize the distribution of mu + B lineage cells in tissue sections prepared from developing chicken embryo urogenital tissues (UGTs) between 14 and 21 days of incubation. B lineage cells were observed in tissue sections prepared from developing UGTs, especially the mesonephros and its associated tissue, throughout the sample period. The highest densities of mu + B lineage cells were observed in tissue sections prepared from 18 day embryos.

Liver damage from flucloxacillin, cloxacillin and dicloxacillin.

We describe a case of severe cholestatic liver disease, which persisted for 7 years, and was probably induced by flucloxacillin. We also report a survey of 77 liver reactions which were probably or possibly induced by penicillinase-resistant penicillins and spontaneously reported to the Swedish Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee. The reactions were usually cholestatic with a tendency to a protracted course.

Immunochemical and immunohistochemical studies of cadmium associated proteins in Rana tadpoles.

Previous observations suggested that Rana tadpoles treated with aqueous cadmium (Cd) accumulate Cd in their liver and mesonephros. In order to study the response to Cd in these tissues we (a) exposed tadpoles in mid-limb bud stages to sublethal quantities of Cd, (b) isolated Cd-associated protein (CAP) from a liver cytosol fraction, (c) prepared a heterologous rabbit antiserum against glutaraldehyde-treated CAP (G-CAP), (d) used the rabbit anti-G-CAP antiserum in order to assess the tissue distribution of CAP in Cd-treated and untreated tadpoles, and (e) assessed species cross-reactivities of our anti-G-CAP with CAPs and metallothioneins (MTs) isolated from Cd-treated vertebrate liver cytosol fractions. We found that (a) CAP was present in higher quantities in liver cytosol obtained from Cd-treated tadpoles compared to liver cytosol obtained from untreated control tadpoles, (b) indirect immunofluorescent analysis revealed that CAP was localized in liver hepatocytes and kidney tubule epithelial cells in Cd-treated tadpoles, and (c) the anti-G-CAP crossreacted with rodent and fish CAP.

Effects of prolonged low-level cadmium exposure on the tadpole immune system.

Uninjected (Group I) and sheep erythrocyte (SRBC)-injected (Group II) Rana tadpoles were exposed to varying sublethal concentrations of cadmium (Cd) for 6 weeks. In order to assess possible effects on the tadpole immune system we determined pre-B, B mu, and plasma cell (PC mu) frequencies in liver and mesonephros of Group I larvae, and hemagglutinating antibody (HA) titers of Group II animals. Group I and Group II control animals were cultivated in water with no added Cd (0 ppm), while treatments were set at 0.

Liver involvement in Addison's disease.

Three patients admitted because of slightly increased serum aminotransferases were found to have Addison's disease. A review of 16 other patients with Addison's disease who had serum aminotransferase activity [aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT)] determined prior to treatment revealed one more patient with slightly increased aminotransferase activity that could not be explained by known causes of increased serum aminotransferase levels. In all four of these patients, the enzymes normalized within 1 wk of corticosteroid substitution treatment.

Elevated aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatases in unstable diabetes mellitus without ketoacidosis or hypoglycemia.

Four patients with unstable diabetes mellitus and pronounced elevations of serum aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatases are reported. Thorough investigations revealed no cause for the abnormalities. The enzyme elevations were associated with hepatomegaly, and in some instances, abdominal pain and leg edema.

Relationship between gallbladder histopathology and ability to concentrate biliary lipids and bilirubin. A study on gallstone patients with functioning gallbladder.

Biliary lipids and bilirubin were measured in hepatic and gallbladder bile obtained at routine cholecystectomy in 35 gallstone patients. The gallbladders had opacified at cholecystography and the cystic ducts were patent at operation. The histologic changes in the gallbladder wall were evaluated by an independent pathologist.

Anticonvulsant-induced liver damage.

A case of iterated clonazepam-induced liver injury is described. It is suggested that the damage was of the metabolic idiosyncrasy type.

Clinicopathologic studies on mesothelioma of the pleura. Differentiated approach to treatment.

A surgical series of 23 patients with pleural mesothelioma is reviewed. Three who had benign localized mesothelioma of fibrous type are alive and well at least 10 years postoperatively. In two others, radically extirpated localized mesothelioma was histologically classified as benign, but later proved to be malignant, causing death from recurrent disease 27 and 79 months postoperatively.

Cellular and serum immune response to dinitrophenol in adult Rana pipiens.

A rabbit anti-Rana anti-DNP antiserum was used in order to estimate changes in frequency of bone marrow (BM) cells containing cytoplasmic anti-DNP antibodies (cId+) for eight weeks following a single injection. We found that (i) cId+ cells increased from 0.2 to 4.

Malignant mesothelioma in two pairs of siblings: is there a hereditary predisposing factor?

Two pairs of siblings with malignant pleural mesothelioma are reported. One sister and brother experienced slight household asbestos exposure during childhood. Two identical-twin brothers were occupationally exposed to asbestos for only 8 years.

Diagnosis and prognosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a prospective study.

In a prospective study of 336 consecutive patients with long-term pleural effusions, 32 cases of malignant mesothelioma were found. Microscopic examination of pleural tissue specimens, preferably selected at thoracoscopy, proved superior to pleural fluid analysis as an aid to correct diagnosis. The epithelial proved to be the most common type of malignant mesothelioma.