Acute ischaemic stroke associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in North America.

Background: To analyse the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and identify factors predicting functional outcome.

Methods: Multicentre retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients with AIS who presented to 30 stroke centres in the USA and Canada between 14 March and 30 August 2020. The primary endpoint was poor functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 5 or 6 at discharge.

Erdheim-Chester Disease With Concurrent Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare type of blood cancer characterized by infiltration of the body tissues by pathologic histiocytes, leading to widespread inflammation and damage. Clinical presentations range widely, from asymptomatic infiltration of bone to multiple organ system damage and resultant dysfunction. This report describes a case of a patient with several unusual imaging findings that led to a differential diagnosis of ECD; however, a biopsy of a mediastinal mass suspected to be due to histiocyte infiltration instead revealed primary lung cancer.

A Review of Perceptual Expertise in Radiology-How it develops, How we can test it, and Why humans still matter in the era of Artificial Intelligence.

As the first step in image interpretation is detection, an error in perception can prematurely end the diagnostic process leading to missed diagnoses. Because perceptual errors of this sort-"failure to detect"-are the most common interpretive error (and cause of litigation) in radiology, understanding the nature of perceptual expertise is essential in decreasing radiology's long-standing error rates. In this article, we review what constitutes a perceptual error, the existing models of radiologic image perception, the development of perceptual expertise and how it can be tested, perceptual learning methods in training radiologists, and why understanding perceptual expertise is still relevant in the era of artificial intelligence.

Avoiding the Trap of Misdiagnosis: Valuable Teaching Points Derived from a Case of Longstanding Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome.

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES), a condition predominantly affecting young individuals, is a rare clinical entity that can result in significant morbidity. The presence of lower limb pain and claudication in young, physically active individuals should prompt consideration for PAES. Early diagnosis and management is crucial to prevent long-term complications; however, diagnosis is fraught with challenges due to the rarity of the disease and its similar clinical presentation with more common conditions.

Dentate Nucleus Signal Intensity Decrease on T1-weighted MR Images after Switching from Gadopentetate Dimeglumine to Gadobutrol.

Purpose To determine if the increased dentate nucleus signal intensity following six or more doses of a linear gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) (gadopentetate dimeglumine) changes at follow-up examinations performed with a macrocyclic GBCA (gadobutrol). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 13 patients with increased dentate nucleus signal intensity following at least six (range, 6-18) gadopentetate dimeglumine administrations who then underwent at least 12 months of follow-up imaging with multiple (range, 3-29) gadobutrol-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. Dentate nucleus-to-pons and dentate nucleus-to-cerebellar peduncle signal intensity ratios were measured by two radiologists blinded to all patient information, and changes were analyzed by using the paired t test and linear regression.

MRI and CT contrast media extravasation: A systematic review.

Background: This systematic review combines data from multiple papers on contrast media extravasation to identify factors contributing to increased extravasation risk.

Methods: Data were extracted from 17 papers reporting 2191 extravasations in 1,104,872 patients (0.2%) undergoing computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Comparison of MRI segmentation techniques for measuring liver cyst volumes in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Purpose: To compare MRI segmentation methods for measuring liver cyst volumes in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).

Methods: Liver cyst volumes in 42 ADPKD patients were measured using region growing, thresholding and cyst diameter techniques. Manual segmentation was the reference standard.

Immediate Allergic Reactions to Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if there are differences in rates of immediate allergic events between classes of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Materials and Methods PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies in which rates of immediate adverse events to GBCAs were reported. The American College of Radiology classification system was used to characterize allergic-like events as mild, moderate, or severe, and the total number of administrations of each GBCA was recorded.

Complex liver cysts in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Purpose: To determine prevalence of complex liver cysts in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD).

Methods: Abdominal MRI in 186 ADPKD subjects were evaluated by two independent observers to determine prevalence of complex liver cysts.

Results: 23 (12%) of subjects, had at least 1 complex cyst.

Varicocele Embolization Following Failure Of Varicocelectomy: A Case Series And Review Of Literature.

Varicocelectomy remains the same mainstay of treatment for varicoceles. However, with growing focus on minimally invasive techniques, recent literature has investigated the use of venous embolization for the treatment of varicoceles in patients with recurrence after surgical treatment. Embolization has many advantages, including use of local anaesthesia, lower operating time, decreased risk of hydrocele and faster recovery times.

Automating Perforator Flap MRA and CTA Reporting.

Surgical breast reconstruction after mastectomy requires precise perforator coordinates/dimensions, perforator course, and fat volume in a radiology report. Automatic perforator reporting software was implemented as an OsiriX Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) viewer plugin. For perforator analysis, the user identifies a reference point (e.

Recurrent solitary fibrous tumor of lumbar spine with vertebral body involvement: imaging features and differential diagnosis with report of a case.

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the spine are exceedingly rare tumors of mesenchymal origin. Most spinal SFTs arise from the thoracic spine, followed by cervical spine, and last lumbar spine with only 6 cases reported in literature. SFTs represent a wide range of neoplasms, ranging from benign to malignant.

Clinical case report: discitis osteomyelitis complicated by inferior vena cava venous thrombosis and septic pulmonary emboli.

Viridans group streptococcus is an infrequent cause of osteomyelitis that is found in association with infective endocarditis. Only a few studies report viridans osteomyelitis in the absence of endocarditis. Vertebral pyogenic osteomyelitis can sometimes be complicated by psoas or paraspinal abscesses.

Tongue base schwannoma: differential diagnosis and imaging features with a case presentation.

Schwannomas are slow growing, encapsulated neoplasms that arise from the nerve sheath. A vast majority of these benign neoplasms occur in the head and neck region, most commonly involving the 8th cranial nerve. Schwannomas arising from the base of tongue are very rare and, thus, can easily escape the list of differential diagnosis for a posterior tongue mass.

Lectures in medical educaton: what students think?

Background: The volume of medical knowledge has increased exponentially and so has the need to improve the efficiency of current teaching practices.With increasing emphasis on interactive and problem based learning, the place of lectures in modern medical education has become a questionable issue. Objectives were to assess the perspective of undergraduate medical students regarding the role and effectiveness of lectures as a mode of instruction as well as the ways and means that can be employed to enhance the effectiveness of lectures.

Bedside manners: do we care?

Background: Teaching bedside manner might prove to be one of the most challenging tasks in medical education as it is not easy to structure or formalise such training. Besides, the rigorous training process for acquiring clinical and technical skills often overshadows the humanistic aspect of medical care. The aim of this study was to assess the perception of final year medical students as well as the faculty regarding the teaching and practice of bedside manner including a brief evaluation of students' bedside manner.