Phthalocyanine and photodynamic therapy relieve albumin paclitaxel and gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer (PCa) is a solid tumor with extremely high malignancy and poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is an important treatment option. Compared with gemcitabine alone, albumin paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (AG) is more effective in the treatment of advanced PCa.

RNA binding protein Pumilio2 promotes chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer via focal adhesion pathway and interacting with transcription factor EGR1.

Pancreatic cancer (PCa) has insidious onset, high malignancy and poor prognosis. Gemcitabine (GEM) is one of the first-line chemotherapy drugs for PCa. However, GEM resistance has always been a bottleneck problem leading to recurrence and death of PCa patients.

Brain-Wide Neuroregenerative Gene Therapy Improves Cognition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder with extensive neuronal loss in the neocortex and hippocampus. Current therapeutic interventions focus on the early stage of AD but lack effective treatment for the late stage of AD, largely due to the inability to replenish the lost neurons and repair the broken neural circuits. In this study, by using engineered adeno-associated virus vectors that efficiently cross the blood-brain-barrier in the mouse brain, a brain-wide neuroregenerative gene therapy is developed to directly convert endogenous astrocytes into functional neurons in a mouse model of AD.

Goal-oriented preoperative biliary drainage is more precise and conducive to seize the opportunity for pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) for selected patients with severe juandice has been shown to improve clinical conditions for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and reduce the risk of post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH). However, the determination of an optimal end-point for PBD remains unclear. The aim of this research is to introduce the concept of goal-oriented biliary drainage, which may serve as a reasonable target and identify the optimal surgery time window.

Global and regional burden of pancreatitis: epidemiological trends, risk factors, and projections to 2050 from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Pancreatitis is a significant global health concern with rising incidence, complex management, and substantial mortality. This study aimed to assess global and regional trends in pancreatitis from 1990 to 2021 and project future trends to 2050 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021.

Methods: We analyzed GBD 2021 data to evaluate age-standardized incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates of pancreatitis.

Strap-on Buoyant Device to Enhance Gastrointestinal Tract Retention of Felodipine Osmotic Pump Tablets.

Osmotic pump systems require prolonged retention time in the stomach to provide enhanced bioavailability and regulated release, which is quite challenging. This study used a three-dimensional printing (3DP) technique combined with a gastro-retentive floating device (GRFD) to extend the retention of the osmotic pump in the stomach and enhance its bioavailability. The strap-on buoyant device was fabricated by stereolithography 3DP and incorporated a felodipine osmotic pump tablet used in clinical practice, which enabled it to float in the stomach or dissolution media without any floating lag time.

Circulating tumor cells in pancreatic cancer: more than liquid biopsy.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that slough off the primary lesions and extravasate into the bloodstream. By forming CTC clusters and interacting with other circulating cells (platelets, NK cells, macrophage, etc.), CTCs are able to survive in the circulatory system of tumor patients and colonize to metastatic organs.

Extracellular vesicles miR-31-5p promotes pancreatic cancer chemoresistance via regulating LATS2-Hippo pathway and promoting SPARC secretion from pancreatic stellate cells.

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignant diseases. Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is still one of the first-line systemic treatments, but chemoresistance occurs in the majority of patients. Recently, accumulated evidence has demonstrated the role of the tumour microenvironment in promoting chemoresistance.

The systematic role of pancreatic cancer exosomes: distant communication, liquid biopsy and future therapy.

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. Cancer-derived exosomes, benefiting from the protective role of the lipid membrane, exhibit remarkable stability in the circulatory system. These exosomes, released by tumor microenvironment, contain various biomolecules such as proteins, RNAs, and lipids that plays a pivotal role in mediating distant communication between the local pancreatic tumor and other organs or tissues.

Venous resection increases risk of chyle leak after total pancreatectomy for pancreatic tumors.

Background: Existing research on chyle leak (CL) after pancreatic surgery is mostly focused on pancreaticoduodenectomy and lacks investigation on total pancreatectomy (TP). This study aimed to explore potential risk factors of CL and develop a predictive model for patients with pancreatic tumor undergoing TP.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 90 consecutive patients undergoing TP from January 2015 to December 2023 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

IFIT1 modulates the proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Objectives: Previously, Interferon-induced Protein with Tetratricopeptide Repeats 1 (IFIT1) has been shown to promote cancer development. Here, we aimed to explore the role of IFIT1 in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer, including the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: We explored IFIT1 expression in pancreatic cancer samples using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets.

Visualization of nasal powder distribution using biomimetic human nasal cavity model.

Nasal drug delivery efficiency is highly dependent on the position in which the drug is deposited in the nasal cavity. However, no reliable method is currently available to assess its impact on delivery performance. In this study, a biomimetic nasal model based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology was developed for visualizing the deposition of drug powders in the nasal cavity.

Prognostic value and immune infiltration of ARMC10 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma via integrated bioinformatics analyses.

Background: Armadillo repeat-containing 10 (ARMC10) is involved in the progression of multiple types of tumors. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a lethal disease with poor survival and prognosis.

Methods: We acquired the data of ARMC10 in PAAD patients from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets and compared the expression level with normal pancreatic tissues.

High-titer AAV disrupts cerebrovascular integrity and induces lymphocyte infiltration in adult mouse brain.

The brain is often described as an "immune-privileged" organ due to the presence of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), which limits the entry of immune cells. In general, intracranial injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) is considered a relatively safe procedure. In this study, we discovered that AAV, a popular engineered viral vector for gene therapy, can disrupt the BBB and induce immune cell infiltration in a titer-dependent manner.

Comparative assessment of Chinese mitten crab aquaculture in China: Spatiotemporal changes and trade-offs.

The increasing human demand for high-quality animal protein has provided impetus for the development of aquaculture. Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is a catadromous species rapidly being cultured in China but scientific literature documenting its life cycle environmental and economic consequences remains scarce. This study aims to address this gap by examining the spatio-temporal evolution of crab aquaculture in China since the 2000s and evaluating the environmental and economic characteristics along its life-cycle stages: megalopa, juvenile crab, and adult crab cultivation.

Risk stratification of clinically relevant delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) remains one of the major complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), with discrepant reports of its contributing factors. This study aimed to develop a nomogram to identify potential predictors and predict the probability of DGE after PD.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 422 consecutive patients who underwent PD from January 2019 to December 2021 at our institution.

DHX38 restricts chemoresistance by regulating the alternative pre-mRNA splicing of RELL2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Intron retention plays an important role in cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance and seems to be essential for the maintenance of genome stability in cancer. Here, our goal was to analyze the role of receptor expressed in lymphoid tissue (Relt)-like 2 (RELL2) intron 4 retention in promoting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. Our results showed that intron retention (IR) occurs at the fourth intron of RELL2 transcript in gemcitabine resistant PDAC cells, however, the regulatory mechanism and the clinical implications of IR of RELL2 are unclear.

Pancreatic cancer stemness: dynamic status in malignant progression.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that the capacity for self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs) contribute to major challenges with current PC therapies, causing metastasis and therapeutic resistance, leading to recurrence and death in patients. The concept that PCSCs are characterized by their high plasticity and self-renewal capacities is central to this review.

EGR1 induces EMT in pancreatic cancer via a P300/SNAI2 pathway.

Background: The prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients remains relatively poor. Although some patients would receive surgical resection, distant metastasis frequently occurs within one year. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as a pathological mechanism in cancer progression, contributed to the local and distant metastasis of pancreatic cancer.

STOML2 restricts mitophagy and increases chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer through stabilizing PARL-induced PINK1 degradation.

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases with a relatively low 5-year survival rate, and gemcitabine-based chemoresistance occurs constantly. Mitochondria, as the power factory in cancer cells, are involved in the process of chemoresistance. The dynamic balance of mitochondria is under the control of mitophagy.

Multidrug resistance genes screening of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on sensitivity profile to chemotherapeutic drugs.

Backgrounds: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancer types and chemotherapeutic drug resistance is a stumbling block in improving the overall survival of PDAC patients. The nature of specific drug resistant subpopulation within pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is believed to be partly attributed to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell stemness. Various PDAC cell lines show various degrees of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents including gemcitabine (GEM) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).