The evaluation of renewable energy alternatives in Turkey using intuitionistic-fuzzy EDAS methodology.

In recent years, high energy costs, increases in carbon emissions, and concerns about energy supply security have led countries to prioritize renewable energy sources in their sustainable energy policies. The selection and ranking of alternative renewable energy sources is a critical issue in establishing an effective energy policy and ensuring environmental improvement at the national and global levels. This study evaluates Turkey's best renewable energy options using the institutional fuzzy assessment based on distance to mean solution (IF-EDAS) method and aims to find Turkey's best renewable energy alternative.

The impacts of renewable energy production, economic growth, and economic globalization on CO emissions: evidence from Fourier ADL co-integration and Fourier-Granger causality test for Turkey.

Along with the growth and globalization of the whole world economy since the First Industrial Revolution, the production and use of fossil fuels have led to increased CO emissions and, ultimately, significant environmental degradation. The impact of globalization, economic growth, and renewable energy sources on CO may show trends with different turning points in developing countries, and estimations may need to follow Fourier-type functions to capture the frequency domain. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effects of renewable energy production, economic globalization, and economic growth on CO emissions for Turkey in the period 1971-2006 with Fourier autoregressive distribution lag (ADL) cointegration, DOLS, and Fourier-Granger causality tests.