Who won World War II? Conflicting narratives among the allies.

World War II was a cataclysmic event that consumed people from many countries for at least 6 years. We discuss a large-scale study of how people from 11 nations remember the war, including 8 Allied and 3 Axis countries. The study showed dramatic differences in how people of the former Soviet Union and those of the other 10 countries remembered the war.

Are efficient learners of verbal stimuli also efficient and precise learners of visuospatial stimuli?

People differ in how quickly they learn information and how long they remember it, and these two variables are correlated such that people who learn more quickly tend to retain more of the newly learned information. Zerr and colleagues [2018. Learning efficiency: Identifying individual differences in learning rate and retention in healthy adults.

A Critical Review of Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Norms Research.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is the fluctuation in time between successive heartbeats and is defined by interbeat intervals. Researchers have shown that short-term (∼5-min) and long-term (≥24-h) HRV measurements are associated with adaptability, health, mobilization, and use of limited regulatory resources, and performance. Long-term HRV recordings predict health outcomes heart attack, stroke, and all-cause mortality.

Learning Efficiency: Identifying Individual Differences in Learning Rate and Retention in Healthy Adults.

People differ in how quickly they learn information and how long they remember it, yet individual differences in learning abilities within healthy adults have been relatively neglected. In two studies, we examined the relation between learning rate and subsequent retention using a new foreign-language paired-associates task (the learning-efficiency task), which was designed to eliminate ceiling effects that often accompany standardized tests of learning and memory in healthy adults. A key finding was that quicker learners were also more durable learners (i.

Contextual control of chained instrumental behaviors.

Recent studies suggest a significant role for context in controlling the acquisition and extinction of simple operant responding. The present experiments examined the contextual control of a heterogeneous behavior chain. Rats first learned a chain in which a discriminative stimulus set the occasion for a procurement response (e.

A healthy heart is not a metronome: an integrative review of the heart's anatomy and heart rate variability.

Heart rate variability (HRV), the change in the time intervals between adjacent heartbeats, is an emergent property of interdependent regulatory systems that operate on different time scales to adapt to challenges and achieve optimal performance. This article briefly reviews neural regulation of the heart, and its basic anatomy, the cardiac cycle, and the sinoatrial and atrioventricular pacemakers. The cardiovascular regulation center in the medulla integrates sensory information and input from higher brain centers, and afferent cardiovascular system inputs to adjust heart rate and blood pressure via sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent pathways.

[Cardiac transplantation. Evaluation of a consecutive series of 75 grafts].

Objectives: The global results of various series of heart transplantation (HT) are essential to assess the life expectancy provided by this technique. Due to the increasing graft shortage, it appears essential to very strictly candidates for HT.

Methods: From March 8, 1989 to December 7, 1994, 75 orthotopic Hts were performed in 62 men and 12 women (1 case of retransplantation).

[Comparative trials of fluid gelatins on hemostasis in heart surgery in adults].

The purpose of this study was to compare, in adult cardiac surgery, the results of two gelatin substitutes (Plasmion and Haemaccel) especially for haemostasis and coagulation factors. Patients showing before operation any perturbation of blood parameters (anaemia, coagulation troubles) as well as patients suffering from serious complications or deceased in the postoperative period have been excluded. This study was realised with 54 patients randomised in two groups: group P (Plasmion); group H (Haemaccel).

[Effectiveness of the Cell Saver and salvage from ultrafiltered extracorporeal circulation in heart surgery].

The efficiency of two intraoperative techniques of blood saving were compared prospectively. During a period of eight months, in 120 adults patients undergoing heart surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). They all had blood removed before the start of CPB for isovolaemic haemodilution.

[The use of the Haemolite Cell Saver in cardiovascular surgery].

In eighteen adult patients scheduled for cardiac and vascular surgery, shed blood was treated with the Haemonetics Cell Saver Haemolite. On average by patient, the autologous blood volume restored was 471.94 +/- 235.

[Use of an antibioprophylaxis with pefloxacin and fosfomycin in cardiac surgery in patients with beta-lactam hypersensitivity].

An association of pefloxacin plus fosfomycin was used as antibioprophylaxis in beta lactam allergic patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiovascular-bypass. Pefloxacin (800 mg), was administered orally, one hour before anesthetic induction and fosfomycin (60 mg/kg) was injected at the time of induction. The whole course of prophylaxis wat 24 hours.

[Antibiotic prophylaxis using a combination of pefloxacin and fosfomycin in heart surgery with CEC (extracorporeal circulation) in patients allergic to beta-lactams].

This study conducted for 15 months, was carried out in 34 patients with beta-lactam allergy scheduled for open heart surgery. In the study, pefloxacin was given orally an hour before the induction of anaesthesia and then as a short infusion following induction. When the bypass was stopped, pefloxacin (400 mg) and fosfomycin (60 mg.

[Heart surgery in 2 previously pneumonectomized patients].

Two cases of cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass in previously pneumonectomized patients are reported. In one case a postoperative tension pneumothorax required an emergency drainage. No other complications occurred.

[Antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery: 12-hour cefazolin versus 36-hour cefazolin].

A prospective randomized study was carried out to assess two protocols of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary by-pass. Each patient of the first group received four intravenous injections of 1 g cefazolin over a period of 12 h, whilst in the second group each one received twelve doses over a period of 36 h. Between May 1983 and April 1984, 159 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery entered the study.

[Contribution of autologous blood transfusion in cardiac surgery in the adult].

The use of autologous blood transfusion in cardiac surgery is still controversial. This study was prospectively designed to evaluate the haemodynamic and haematological benefits of this method, with special attention to its impact on reducing bank blood requirements. Between November 1983 and October 1984, 160 patients underwent cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation and were randomly assigned to two groups: group I (81 patients) was the control group and group II (79 patients) received autologous transfusion following extracorporeal circulation.

[Contribution of hemoconcentration in the recovery of residual blood from extracorporeal circulation circuits].

The effects of recuperation from the remaining pump circuit blood with restitution to the patient after hemoconcentration are studied in 80 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary by-pass. This population is randomized into two groups: group 1 of 41 patients represents the control group and is compared with the group 2 of 39 patients who undergo the post-by-pass hemoconcentration. The volume of restored blood is 669 +/- 14 ml with an hematocrit of 38 +/- 6,6% and the total protein concentration is 81,2 +/- 2 g.

[Preventive antibiotics in cardiac surgery: cefazolin versus cefamandole].

A prospective, randomized study was carried out to evaluate two antibiotic prophylactic regimens for patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Each patient of the first group (cefazolin) received four intravenous injections of 1 g cefazolin during 12 hours, patients of second (cefamandole), four doses of 750 mg. 155 patients scheduled for cardiac operation were included in the study.

[Complications of surgical treatment of interventricular communications in the infant].

Interventricular communication in the infant is presently treated by complete surgery under extracorporeal circulation and hypothermia. Improved techniques in surgery, anesthetics and resuscitation explain a low, acceptable, level of postoperative morbidity; it is estimated by most authors at 3-4% during the first six months of life. Postoperatively, acute pulmonary arterial hypertension is to be feared, resulting in low cardiocirculatory flow from right ventricle failure.