Assessment of Apparent Diffusion Coefficients and SUVs as Predicators of Histological Differentiation in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Aim: The study aims to assess minimal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin) and SUVmax as predictors of histological differentiation in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) and to determine cutoff values for each histopathological tumor grade.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study of 41 ASCC patients (14 males, 27 females; mean age, 65 ± 13 years) staged with FDG PET/CT and MRI (mean scan time interval, 21 ± 11 days). SUVmax and ADCmin values were measured and compared with histopathological tumor grading obtained from biopsy.

R-GEM-Lenalidomide versus R-GEM-P as second-line treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results of the UK NRCI phase II randomised LEGEND trial.

Outcome of patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains poor, highlighting the need for novel treatment approaches. The multicentre randomised phase II LEGEND trial evaluated lenalidomide in combination with rituximab, methylprednisolone and gemcitabine (R-GEM-L) vs. standard R-GEM-P as second-line treatment of DLBCL.

Pancreatic tail splenunculus: Case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Mass lesions in the pancreatic tail are increasingly identified upon radiological imaging. However the diagnosis of these lesions can be challenging and impact significantly upon patient management.

Presentation Of Case: We report a case of an intrapancreatic accessory spleen initially diagnosed as a neuroendocrine tumour of the pancreas tail following nuclear scintigraphy.

Improving liver lesion characterisation using retrospective fusion of FDG PET/CT and MRI.

Aim: To compare retrospectively fused FDG PET/CT and MRI (PET/MRI) to FDG PET/CT and MRI for characterisation of indeterminate focal liver lesions as malignant or benign in patients with a known primary malignancy.

Materials And Method: A retrospective review of 70 patients (30 females, 40 males; mean age 56 ± 14 years) with 150 indeterminate lesions after FDG PET/CT and MRI (mean scan time interval 21 ± 11 days). HERMES® software was used to fuse PET/CT and MRI scans which were reviewed by 2 readers using the Likert score (scale 1-5) to characterise lesions as benign (1-3) or malignant (4-5).

CHOP versus GEM-P in previously untreated patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (CHEMO-T): a phase 2, multicentre, randomised, open-label trial.

Background: Outcomes with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) or CHOP-like chemotherapy in peripheral T-cell lymphoma are poor. We investigated whether the regimen of gemcitabine, cisplatin, and methylprednisolone (GEM-P) was superior to CHOP as front-line therapy in previously untreated patients.

Methods: We did a phase 2, parallel-group, multicentre, open-label randomised trial in 47 hospitals: 46 in the UK and one in Australia.

The role of routine clinical pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting outcome of colorectal liver metastasis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the value of SUV-based metabolic parameters derived from pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT of colorectal liver metastases in predicting disease response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 70 colorectal patients with liver metastases who underwent pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT. SUVmean, SUVmax, TLG (total lesion glycolysis), metabolic tumor volume, and metabolic tumor diameter were the metabolic parameters derived from volume of interest analysis of the most FDG-avid liver lesion in each subject.

Assessment of diffusion-weighted imaging for characterizing focal liver lesions.

In 150 patients, 153 hepatic lesions (39 metastases, 27 hemangiomas, 26 hepatocellular carcinomas, 25 cysts, 15 adenomas, 8 focal nodular hyperplasias, 5 abscesses, 4 hamartomas, and 4 cholangiocarcinomas) were evaluated during a 24-month period. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of benign lesions (1.994×10(-3) mm(2) s(-1)) were significantly higher than ADC values of malignant lesions (1.

The value of combined assessment of vertebral fractures with 99mTc MDP scintigraphy and MRI in selecting and planning percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Background: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive radiological procedure intended for relieving painful vertebral fractures. Suitability depends largely on fracture age, with acute osteoporotic fractures being most appropriate. Selection and planning usually involves either Tc MDP scintigraphy or MRI.

Positron emission tomography-computed tomography in liver imaging.

The relatively new technique of positron emission tomography (PET) that incorporates both anatomy and function is increasingly being utilized in oncological imaging. This review assesses the use of PET of the liver for optimal and appropriate patient clinical management. The role of PET in both liver-lesion detection and characterization is discussed (including the context of primary liver malignancy, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, metastatic disease from colorectal cancer and other tumor types).

Semiquantitative analysis and characterization of physiological biodistribution of (68)Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to describe the normal physiological distribution of (68)Ga-DOTA-TATE using the SUV to reflect the density of somatostatin receptors in various organ systems.

Methods: A total of 250 patients (90 men and 160 women) were imaged on a Biograph 64 PET/CT TruePoint (Siemens Medical Solutions) 60 to 80 minutes after injection of 120 to 200 MBq (3.2-5.

Remote sonographic interpretation: comparison of standardized video clips to still images.

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of standardized video clips compared with still images in the diagnostic accuracy of remote sonographic interpretation.

Methods: We compared the remote interpretation of sonographic examinations acquired with a standardized video clip approach to examinations performed with still images alone in 60 patients with various hepatic and extrahepatic pathologies.

Results: The use of video clips improved the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic studies interpreted remotely compared with the use of still images (p < 0.

The role of early ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in prediction of progression-free survival after ⁹⁰Y radioembolization: comparison with RECIST and tumour density criteria.

Purpose: This study evaluated the ability of (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging to predict early response to (90)Y-radioembolization in comparison with contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) using RECIST and lesion density (Choi) criteria. Progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with liver metastases at 2 years and decline in tumour markers were the primary end-points of the study.

Methods: A total of 121 liver lesions were evaluated in 25 patients (14 men, 11 women) with liver-dominant metastatic colorectal cancer who underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT and CECT before and 6-8 weeks after treatment.

Highlights of the EANM Congress 2011: Birmingham, UK.

The EANM Congress 2011 took place in Birmingham between the 15th and 19th October 2011 under the presidency of Professor Werner Langsteger. The attendance was reassuringly high, in line with other EANM congresses, despite the current 'Eurozone Crisis'. Participants from 87 countries came along, met old friends and made new ones.

Role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in adrenal and neuroendocrine tumors: fluorodeoxyglucose and nonfluorodeoxyglucose tracers.

Positron emission tomography (PET) has seen an increasing clinical utilization in the last decade, such that it is now a standard oncology imaging modality. Its success is based on the detection of altered fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) biodistribution, reflecting glucose transport/metabolism in malignant tumor tissues. Integrated PET/computed tomography cameras combine functional and anatomical information in a synergistic manner that improves diagnostic interpretation, and newer positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals have been developed to expand the application of non-FDG PET imaging.

Anatomical and functional localization of ectopic parathyroid adenomas: 6-year institutional experience.

Introduction: Localization of ectopic parathyroid adenoma is highly important to guide surgery, thus reducing morbidity and rate of recurrent hyperparathyroidism. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of ectopic parathyroid adenoma and evaluate the role of multimodality imaging in diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed 656 imaging studies of patients referred for investigations of primary hyperparathyroidism.

The Role of PET/CT in Advanced Malignant Melanoma.

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with fluorodeoxyglucose demonstrates a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting both locoregional and distant metastases in patients presenting with AJCC stages III and IV disease. PET/CT also plays an important role in the detection of recurrence particularly in high-risk group patients, and this should be the modality of choice in investigating patients for suspected recurrence. The role of PET/CT in response assessment and follow-up still has to be defined, and cost-effectiveness analysis is required to strengthen its role.

The labeled-leukocyte scan in the study of abdominal abscesses.

Aim: The purpose of the present paper was to review the literature over the last 30 years to assess the value of radionuclide imaging, particularly labeled leukocyte scan, as compared to other imaging modalities in the management of abdominal abscesses.

Methods: A systematic review of the published studies in humans cited in PubMed written in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish was made.

Results: Ultrasound (US) has lower sensitivity than leukocyte scan (LS), particularly in patients without localizing signs, while CT has higher sensitivity than US, but less than LS.

Role of FDG-PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of vasculitis.

Purpose: to investigate the role of FDG-PET and PET/CT in the evaluation of vasculitis.

Materials And Methods: a systematic revision of the papers published in PubMed/Medline until December 2009 was done.

Results: FDG-PET and PET/CT have been proven to be valuable in the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis, especially giant cells arteritis with sensitivity values ranging 77% to 92%, and specificity values ranging 89% to 100%.

Imaging 'the lost tribe': a review of adolescent cancer imaging. Part 2: imaging of complications of cancer treatment.

Adolescent cancers are treated with a host of chemotherapy agents, radiotherapy and stem cell transplantation. The complications of these treatments may contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality in this age group, with imaging playing a role in identifying some of these complications. This second article reviews the imaging of acute and early complications relating to adolescent cancer treatment, many of which may also be seen in the treatment of paediatric patients.

Imaging 'the lost tribe': a review of adolescent cancer imaging. Part 1.

Although a small proportion of all cancer registrations, malignancy in adolescence and young adulthood remains the most common natural cause of death in this age group. Advances in the management and outcomes of childhood cancer have not been matched within the adolescent population, with increasing incidence and poorer survival seen amongst teenagers with cancer compared with other populations. There have been increasing moves towards specific adolescent oncology centres, with the aim of centralizing expertise, however, 'adolescent imaging' does not exist as a specialty in the same way that paediatric imaging does, with responsibility for imaging adolescent patients sometimes falling to paediatric radiologists and sometimes to 'adult' radiologists, usually with a specific interest in a tumour type or body system.