Rice THIN CULM 4 (TC4) Modulates Culm Strength by Regulating Morphology, Structure, and Development.

Culm strength is crucial for rice growth, nutrition transportation, and structural resilience, which are essential for lodging resistance and stable production. In this study, we identified a rice thin culm mutant tc4, characterized by thinner culms and thicker cavity walls, resulting in weakened culm mechainical strength. Using map-based cloning, the candidate gene was isolated, and complementation and CRISPR/Cas9 experiments confirmed that a single nucleotide substitution in TC4 is responsible for the thin and brittle culm phenotype.

OsCOL5 suppresses heading through modulation of Ghd7 and Ehd2, enhancing rice yield.

OsCOL5, an ortholog of Arabidopsis COL5, is involved in photoperiodic flowering and enhances rice yield through modulation of Ghd7 and Ehd2 and interactions with OsELF3-1 and OsELF3-2. Heading date, also known as flowering time, plays a crucial role in determining the adaptability and yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Photoperiod and gravistimulation-associated Tiller Angle Control 1 modulates dynamic changes in rice plant architecture.

TAC1 is involved in photoperiodic and gravitropic responses to modulate rice dynamic plant architecture likely by affecting endogenous auxin distribution, which could explain TAC1 widespread distribution in indica rice. Plants experience a changing environment throughout their growth, which requires dynamic adjustments of plant architecture in response to these environmental cues. Our previous study demonstrated that Tiller Angle Control 1 (TAC1) modulates dynamic changes in plant architecture in rice; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown.

OsLDDT1, encoding a transmembrane structural DUF726 family protein, is essential for tapetum degradation and pollen formation in rice.

Formation of the pollen wall, which is mainly composed of lipid substances secreted by tapetal cells, is important to ensure pollen development in rice. Although several regulatory factors related to lipid biosynthesis during pollen wall formation have been identified in rice, the molecular mechanisms controlling lipid biosynthesis are unclear. In this study, we isolated the male-sterile rice mutant oslddt1 (leaked and delayed degraded tapetum 1).

qHD5 encodes an AP2 factor that suppresses rice heading by down-regulating Ehd2 expression.

Heading date is crucial for rice reproduction and the geographical expansion of cultivation. We fine-mapped qHD5 and identified LOC_Os05g03040, a gene that encodes an AP2 transcription factor, as the candidate gene of qHD5 in our previous study. In this article, using two near-isogenic lines NIL(BG1) and NIL(XLJ), which were derived from the progeny of the cross between BigGrain1 (BG1) and Xiaolijing (XLJ), we verified that LOC_Os05g03040 represses heading date in rice through genetic complementation and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing experiments.

STRIPE3, encoding a human dNTPase SAMHD1 homolog, regulates chloroplast development in rice.

Chloroplast is an important organelle for photosynthesis and numerous essential metabolic processes, thus ensuring plant fitness or survival. Although many genes involved in chloroplast development have been identified, mechanisms underlying such development are not fully understood. Here, we isolated and characterized the stripe3 (st3) mutant which exhibited white-striped leaves with reduced chlorophyll content and abnormal chloroplast development during the seedling stage, but gradually produced nearly normal green leaves as it developed.

Is Essential for the Dynamic Changes in Plant Architecture in Rice.

Plant architecture is dynamic as plants develop. Although many genes associated with specific plant architecture components have been identified in rice, genes related to underlying dynamic changes in plant architecture remain largely unknown. Here, we identified two highly similar recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with different plant architecture: RIL-Dynamic (D) and RIL-Compact (C).

Impact of underwater noise on the growth, physiology and behavior of Micropterus salmoides in industrial recirculating aquaculture systems.

The operation of the equipment in industrial recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) affects the underwater soundscape of aquaculture tanks where fishes live. This study evaluated the influence of commercial industrial RAS noise on the growth, physiology, and behavior of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). In this study, two experimental groups, the RAS noise group (115 dB re 1 μPa RMS) and the ambient group (69 dB re 1 μPa RMS), were studied.