Research progress and application of chitosan dressings in hemostasis: A review.

Hemorrhage affects human health, and severe bleeding remains a leading contributor to trauma-related mortality. The speed and effectiveness of the application of hemostatic materials are critical. Conventional hemostatic dressings such as bandages and gauze are gradually being replaced by new types of hemostatic dressings due to their poor hemostatic and antibacterial properties.

Protopanaxadiol derivative: A plant origin of novel selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory effect.

Constant efforts have been made to move towards maintaining the positive anti-inflammatory functions of glucocorticoids (GCs) while minimizing side effects. The anti-inflammatory effect of GCs is mainly attributed to the inhibition of major inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB through GR transrepression, while its side effects are mainly mediated by transactivation. Here, we investigated the selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator (SGRM)-like properties of a plant-derived compound.

Potential analgesic effect of a novel cannabidiol nanocrystals powder for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Background: The current analgesics often prevent patients from getting effective treatment due to their adverse effects. Cannabidiol (CBD) is well tolerated, has few side effects and has been extensively investigated in analgesia. However, its oral bioavailability is extremely low.

Selective pyrophosphate detection via metal complexes.

Pyrophosphate (PPi) anions are crucial in numerous biological and ecological processes involved in energy conversion, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic regulation along with adenosine. They are also significant biological markers for various processes related to diseases. Fluorescent PPi sensors would enable visual and/or biological detection in convenient settings.

Minor protopanaxadiol type sapogenins from the alkali hydrolysate of stems-leaves of .

Two new protopanaxadiol type sapogenins, (3,12)-3,12,20-trihydroxydammar-24-en-26-al () and (3,12)-3,12,20-trihydroxydammar-24-en-26-oic acid (), were isolated from the alkali hydrolysate of stems-leaves of , along with seven known analogues (-). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound and the known sapogenins - displayed weak to moderate inhibition of NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.

High-resolution awake mouse fMRI at 14 Tesla.

High-resolution awake mouse fMRI remains challenging despite extensive efforts to address motion-induced artifacts and stress. This study introduces an implantable radiofrequency (RF) surface coil design that minimizes image distortion caused by the air/tissue interface of mouse brains while simultaneously serving as a headpost for fixation during scanning. Furthermore, this study provides a thorough acclimation method used to accustom animals to the MRI environment minimizing motion induced artifacts.

Nrf2 regulates iron-dependent hippocampal synapses and functional connectivity damage in depression.

Neuronal iron overload contributes to synaptic damage and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying iron deposition in depression remain largely unexplored. Our study aims to investigate how nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) ameliorates hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and reduces brain functional connectivity (FC) associated with excessive iron in depression.

Rationally Designed Nonapeptides with Great Skin Photoprotective Effect through Producing Type 1 Collagen and Blocking the mTOR Pathway.

Ultraviolet (UV), as the most common environmental stress factor to human skin, causes redox imbalance and leads to photoaging and the development of cancer. In this work, we screened a nonapeptide (PWH) with good activities of antioxidant, promoting the secretion of type 1 collagen (COL-1) and repairing damaged skin from a series of rationally designed novel short peptides. PWH could alleviate UV-A-induced oxidative stress, restrain pro-inflammatory cytokine production, protect mitochondrial function, and maintain autophagy activity.

Salidroside alleviates cognitive impairment by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of the Nrf2/GPX4 axis in SAMP8 mice.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurogenerative disease and remains no effective method for stopping its progress. Ferroptosis and adaptive immunity have been proven to contribute to AD pathogenesis. Salidroside exhibits neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects.

Asp-containing actinomycin and tetracyclic chromophoric analogues from the sp. strain S22.

Three novel actinomycins, actimomycin S (1), neo-actinomycins C and D (2 and 3), and one new benzo[]oxazole alkaloid (4) were isolated from the sp. strain S22, along with three known congeners F (5), X (6) and X (7) and 2-acetylamino-3-hydroxyl-4-methyl-benzoic acid methyl ester (8). The structures of the new products were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configuration of amino acid residues was determined by Marfey's analysis.

Pharmacokinetics and Oral Bioavailability of Saponins Administered to Rats Using a Validated UPLC-MS/MS Method.

saponins (PNS) are the most important bioactive components of . In this paper, an evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and oral absolute bioavailability of PNS was carried out following intravenous and oral administration of PNS to Sprague-Dawley rats. The plasma concentration of 28 PNS was determined using a validated UPLC-MS/MS system.

Atypical Angucyclinones with Ring Expansion and Cleavage from a Marine sp.

A unique ring C-expanded angucyclinone, oxemycin A (), and seven new ring-cleavage derivatives (- and -) were isolated from the marine actinomycete KCB-132, together with eight known analogues (- and -). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffractions, and NMR and ECD calculations. Among these atypical angucyclinones, compound represented the first seven-membered ketoester in the angucyclinone family, which sheds light on the origin of fragmented angucyclinones with C-ring cleavage at C-12/C-12a in the Baeyer-Villiger hypothesis, such as -, while the related "nonoxidized" analogues - seem to originate from a diverse pathway within the Grob fragmentation hypothesis.

The Combination of Salidroside and Hedysari Radix Polysaccharide Inhibits Mitochondrial Damage and Apoptosis via the PKC/ERK Pathway.

Background: Beta-amyloid (A) peptide is a widely recognized pathological marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Salidroside and Hedysari Radix polysaccharide (HRP) were extracted from Chinese herb medicine L and Hand-Mazz, respectively. The neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of the combination of salidroside and Hedysari Radix polysaccharide (CSH) against A induced neurotoxicity remain unclear.

Salidroside attenuates neuronal ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway in Aβ-induced Alzheimer's disease mice and glutamate-injured HT22 cells.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease. Ferroptosis plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is considered an important factor in ferroptosis.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of triazole-pyrimidine-methylbenzonitrile derivatives as dual A/A adenosine receptor antagonists.

A series of novel dual A/A AR antagonists based on the triazole-pyrimidine-methylbenzonitrile core were designed and synthesised. The A AR antagonist cAMP functional assay results were encouraging for most target compounds containing quinoline or its open-ring bioisosteres. In addition, compound displayed better inhibitory activity on A AR (IC 14.

Trinorlabdane diterpenoid alkaloids featuring an unprecedented skeleton with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities from .

Two unique trinorlabdane diterpenoid alkaloids, forsyqinlingines A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the ripe fruits of . Their structures, including absolute stereochemical configurations, were fully elucidated from extensive spectroscopy experiments, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). In addition, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for the formation of compounds 1 and 2 in was also proposed.

Enhanced Intramuscular Bioavailability of Cannabidiol Using Nanocrystals: Formulation, In Vitro Appraisal, and Pharmacokinetics.

Cannabidiol (CBD) has poor water solubility and is subjected to extensive first-pass metabolism. These absorption obstacles are responsible for low and variable oral bioavailability of CBD. This study endeavored to improve CBD bioavailability by intramuscular (IM) injection of CBD nanocrystals (CBD-NC).

The anti-tumor efficacy of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, an active metabolite of ginseng, according to fasting on hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (20(S)-PPD), one of the main active metabolites of ginseng, performs a broad spectrum of anti-tumor effects. Our aims are to search out new strategies to enhance anti-tumor effects of natural products, including 20(S)-PPD. In recent years, fasting has been shown to be multi-functional on tumor progression.

Angucycline and angucyclinone derivatives from the marine-derived Streptomyces sp.

Atramycin C (1), one new angucycline bearing an O-6 rhamnose side chain, along with one new highly hydroxylated angucyclinone emycin G (2), and ten known analogs (3-12) were isolated from the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. strain BHB-032. Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data.

Ring D-Modified and Highly Reduced Angucyclinones From Marine Sediment-Derived sp.

Angucyclines and angucyclinones represent the largest family of type II PKS-engineered natural products. Chemical analysis of a marine sp. KCB-132 yielded three new members, actetrophenone A (1) and actetrophenols A-B (2-3).

Evaluation of a novel tilapia-skin acellular dermis matrix rationally processed for enhanced wound healing.

Acellular Dermal Matrix (ADM) is mainly made with human or porcine skins and has the risk of zoonotic virus transmission. The fish skin-derived ADM could overcome the shortcoming. Fish skin acellular matrix has been used as wound dressing, but there is few systematic studies on tilapia-skin acellular dermal matrix (TS-ADM).

Alkaloids bearing rare skeletons from Forsythia suspensa with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities in vitro.

Five alkaloids, including two previously undescribed alkaloids, named forsyshiyanines A and B, attributable to the rare skeletons 4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydrobenzo[f]quinoline and (6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[c]pyridin-7-yl)methyl, respectively, along with three known ones (3-5), were isolated from the ripe fruits of Forsythia suspensa. The chemical structures including absolute configurations of two undescribed compounds were established using integrated spectroscopic techniques, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro, five alkaloids showed anti-inflammatory activities, with the inhibition rates of the release of β-glucuronidase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes of rats being in the range 47.

Salidroside Attenuates Cognitive Dysfunction in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice and Modulates Inflammation of the Gut-Brain Axis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. However, several therapeutic approaches have shown unsatisfactory outcomes in the clinical setting. Thus, developing alternative therapies for the prevention and treatment of AD is critical.

Baicalin suppresses Propionibacterium acnes-induced skin inflammation by downregulating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and inhibiting activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Acne is a kind of common, chronic skin condition caused by the inflammation of the sebaceous glands in hair follicles. Recent studies have demonstrated that baicalin (BA) possesses potential anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of BA in vitro and in vivo.