Physicochemical and biological impact of metal-catalyzed oxidation of IgG1 monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates via reactive oxygen species.

Biotherapeutics are exposed to common transition metal ions such as Cu(II) and Fe(II) during manufacturing processes and storage. IgG1 biotherapeutics are vulnerable to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated via the metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions. Exposure to these metal ions can lead to potential changes to structure and function, ultimately influencing efficacy, potency, and potential immunogenicity of the molecules.

Assessing the Utility of Circular Dichroism and FTIR Spectroscopy in Monoclonal-Antibody Comparability Studies.

Protein characterization is a necessary activity during development, technical transfers, and licensure. One important aspect of protein characterization is higher order structure assessment, which can be accomplished in a variety of ways. Circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies provide global higher order structure and are routinely used to measure the overall structure for product characterization; however, their use as comparability tools is uncertain because of their insensitivity to local or small structure changes.

Metal ion interactions with mAbs: Part 1.

Fragmentation in the hinge region of an IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) can affect product stability, potentially causing changes in potency and efficacy. Metals ions, such as Cu(2+), can bind to the mAb and undergo hydrolysis or oxidation, which can lead to cleavage of the molecule. To better understand the mechanism of Cu(2+)-mediated mAb fragmentation, hinge region cleavage products and their rates of formation were studied as a function of pH with and without Cu(2+).

Stability of IgG1 monoclonal antibodies in intravenous infusion bags under clinical in-use conditions.

Compounding pharmacists are expected to prepare safe and efficacious doses of medication under time and economical constraints while protecting pharmacy staff and caregivers from inadvertent exposure to the drug. The pharmacist has the additional responsibility to ensure that the product is stable in the final-administrated form as the time between drug preparation and administration is considerable. Pharmacists are responsible for setting a "beyond-use" date based on United States Pharmacopeia 797, wherein the beyond-use date for the compounded sterile preparation (CSP) is defined as the time by which the compounded preparation must be used to avoid risks for product degradation, contamination, and so on.