Aetiological Profile, Clinical Features and Risk Factors for Otomycosis in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Otomycosis is a commonly encountered otological disorder in otorhinolaryngology practice. It has several predisposing factors such as habitual use of cotton buds, water in the ear, hot humid atmospheric condition or high temperature. Diagnosis of otomycosis frequently relies on the patient's history, otoscopic examination and ascertained clinical features and therefore posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Ki-67 and p53 and Their Prognostic Role in Ameloblastoma: A Longitudinal Study.

Objectives: Ameloblastoma, comprising approximately 11% of all odontogenic tumors, is a locally aggressive tumor with a high recurrence rate. This study aimed to assess the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 and p53 and their association with clinical and pathological factors among patients with ameloblastoma.

Methods: Retrospective follow-up data of patients histologically confirmed with ameloblastoma at Makerere College of Health Sciences in Kampala, Uganda from January 2012 to December 2018 were retrieved.

An Audit of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery at a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania.

Background: Being a frequently used approach by otorhinolaryngologists, Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has been useful in the surgical management of different sinonasal conditions in this era. Although ESS is most commonly performed for inflammatory and infectious sinus diseases since its introduction in the 1960s by Prof. Messserklinger and Wigand, the current advancement in instrumentation has led to an increase in its indications.

Prevalence of Cerumen Impaction and Associated Factors Among Primary School Pupils at an Urban District in Northern Tanzania.

Purpose: Cerumen impaction is a public problem of great concern due to associated hearing impairment. Despite cerumen impaction being one of the commonest causes of hearing loss among primary school children, there is no any published study to date from northern Tanzania focused on this topic. This study aimed to address this gap.

Knowledge nd practices of epistaxis in Eastern Tanzania: A cross-sectional study of an emergency in otorhinolaryngology.

Introduction: It's approximated that 60% of the population globally experience epistaxis during lifetime. Despite epistaxis being prevalent in Tanzania, there are limited studies that have explored experience of participants on epistaxis. This study aims to determine knowledge on the causes, first aid management and practices of epistaxis among patients attending a health facility in Eastern Tanzania.

Synchronous nasal rhinosporidiosis and inverted papilloma in a paediatric patient in Dodoma, Tanzania: Case report.

Introduction: Nasal rhinosporidiosis refers to a rare chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It affects the mucous membrane of sites such as nasopharynx, conjunctiva and palate. Inverted papillomas are relatively rare and are benign epithelial tumors of the nasal cavity that are locally aggressive, exhibit recurrence tendency and malignant transformation.

Adequacy of haemodialysis and associated factors among patients with end-stage kidney disease in Tanzania.

Objectives: Adequate haemodialysis helps maintain normal renal function by removing toxins and other waste products in patients with end-stage kidney disease. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of adequacy of haemodialysis and outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease.

Methods: This longitudinal analytical hospital-based study was conducted at two dialysis centres in Dodoma city, Tanzania, between February and July of 2020.

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible: a rare case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, non-neoplastic cystic lesions composed of multiple blood-filled cavities, which are separated by connective tissue septa and they constitute ~6 and 1.5% of all cases of the skull and jaws lesions, respectively.

Case Presentation: Herein, the case of an 80-year-old male with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ABC involving the body of the left mandible was presented.

Pulmonary manifestations masquerading a longstanding neglected metallic foreign body in the esophagus of a paediatric patient from Tanzania: Rare case report.

Introduction: Paediatric foreign body (FB) ingestion remains to be a common encounter in otorhinolaryngology and may manifest with pulmonary manifestations. Pulmonary manifestations masquerading chronic esophageal FBs in children is rare in clinical practice. This is perhaps the first documented case in Tanzania.

Awareness of head and neck cancer among patients attended at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania.

Background: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are considered to be lethal and about 50% of the cases are diagnosed at advanced stages and are associated with poor prognosis. Despite the high disease burden globally, there are scarce studies on awareness of HNCs and this is the first study to explore such awareness in Tanzania. The study aimed at determining awareness of head and neck cancer among patients attended at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania.

The Time Preferred by Patients to Undergo Surgery: What Proportion Would Accept Day-Case Versus Overnight Tonsillectomy/Adenotonsillectomy?

Background: Day-case tonsillectomy is becoming popular with varying patients' satisfaction. Whether day-case or overnight tonsillectomy is safe and preferred by patients has been debatable among otorhinolaryngologists. To date, majority of otorhinolaryngologists in Tanzania are practicing overnight tonsillectomy unlike what is being practiced in other parts of the world.

Clinical spectrum of ear, nose and throat foreign bodies at a tertiary hospital: a cross-sectional study.

Unlabelled: Presence of foreign bodies (FBs) in the ears and upper aerodigestive tract is a common encounter in children unlike adults in otorhinolaryngology practice. FBs form a major part of emergencies in otorhinolaryngology. Studies on ear, nose and throat FBs in Tanzania are scarce.

Unsolicited ejection of an aspirated metallic foreign body in an adult male: Rare case report.

Introduction And Importance: Being an otorhinolaryngological emergency foreign body aspiration (FBA) has continued to be a great challenge to Otorhinolaryngologists. Foreign body inhalation poses life threatening challenges and its uncommon in adult unlike paediatric population. The recommended treatment for the aspirated foreign bodies is bronchoscopy.

Endometriosis of the umbilicus in a 36-year-old woman: a case report and literature review.

Unlabelled: Extrapelvic endometriosis is quite rare, with a reported prevalence ranging between 0.5 and 1%, and the condition is more likely to pose diagnostic challenges. This condition is more likely to pose clinical diagnostic challenges as it may mimic metastasis such as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule.

Bilateral choanal atresia diagnosed in a 3-month-old female baby: a case report.

Unlabelled: Bilateral choanal atresia is a congenital anomaly where a newborn baby is born with bilateral imperforate posterior nares. In most cases, the diagnosis is established immediately after birth due to respiratory distress since newborn babies are obligate nasal breathers till 6 weeks of life. Establishing the diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion as it is characterized by paradoxical cyclical cyanosis.

Invasive ductal carcinoma of breast in a 73-year old male: A rare case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Male breast cancers despite being similar to female breast cancers in various aspects; however, they have important distinctive characteristics such as molecular biology, increased tendency for axillary lymph node metastasis and late age at presentation.

Presentation Of Case: We present the case of a 73-year old indigenous African male who had a 3-year history of right breast swelling which was associated with episodes of pain and tenderness. The assigned clinical stage for the patient was T2aNoMo.

Unilateral choanal atresia and a co-existent long-standing medium-sized ipsilateral rhinolith in a 15-year old boy: Case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Unilateral choanal atresia is a congenital anomaly where a newborn baby is born with a unilateral imperforate posterior nare. In most of the time the diagnosis may be missed for years after birth. A rhinolith is an entity formed by gradual deposition and coating of different salts of calcium and magnesium over an endogenous or exogenous nidus in the nasal cavity.

Prevalence of frontal cells and their relation to frontal sinusitis among patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery: A prospective cross-sectional study in Tanzania.

Background: A narrow confine of frontal recess area and its variable anatomy has been a great surgical challenge to otorhinolaryngologists. There are several frontal cell types that have been described in frontal recess area. There is limited data in our setting on detailed description of frontal cells in patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery and their correlation to sinusitis.

Role of Perioperative Intravenous Dexamethasone in Management of Post Adenotonsillectomy Morbidity: A Single Blinded Randomised Controlled Study.

Objective: To determine the role of perioperative intravenous dexamethasone in reducing post adenotonsillectomy morbidity in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods: A Prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled study was conducted at Ekenywa Specialized Hospital. Fifty patients were randomised to receive three doses of intravenous dexamethasone (13 males and 12 females) or placebo (13 males and 12 females) administered eight hourly for the first 24hours after surgery (1mg/kg).

A missed giant rhinolith retained for a decade in a paediatric patient at a zonal referral hospital in Central Tanzania: Case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Rhinolith is an entity formed by gradual deposition and coating of different salts of calcium and magnesium over an endogenous or exogenous nidus in the nasal cavity. The type, size and duration of the rhinolith lead to multiple types of presentation. Giant rhinoliths are very rare in paediatric patients owing the size of their nasal cavities.

Human papillomavirus-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features of the sinonasal tract: Case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: HPV-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic carcinoma-like features currently known as HPV-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) is a rare distinct head and neck high-risk HPV-related carcinoma. The high-risk HPV subtypes implicated are particularly type 33,35 and 56. So far this is the first reported rare case of a variant of sinonasal carcinoma in Tanzania.

Nasal rhinosporidiosis masquerading as pyogenic granuloma in a pediatric patient at a Zonal Referral Hospital in Central Tanzania: Case report.

Being rare, rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that is characterized by polypoidal lesions of the mucous membrane and is caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. The disease commonly affects the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, conjunctiva, and palate and its very rare in our geographical location.

Haemorrhagic shock leading to death due to ruptured esophageal varices: An autopsy based case report.

Introduction: and importance: Ruptured esophageal varices are fatal and cause haemorrhagic shock and consequently death if no immediate intervention is instituted to arrest bleeding. The role of forensic pathologists in investigating cases of sudden unexpected deaths is of paramount importance. Upon medico-legal work ups by forensic pathologists, autopsy would shed light to the exact cause of death as to whether it is natural or unnatural.

Utility of reflux finding score and reflux symptom index in diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.

Objective: The study aimed to determine the utility of reflux finding score (RFS) and reflux symptom index (RSI) in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods: A prospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a private hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.