PTEN deficiency induces an extrahepatic cholangitis-cholangiocarcinoma continuum via aurora kinase A in mice.

Background & Aims: The PTEN-AKT pathway is frequently altered in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA). We aimed to evaluate the role of PTEN in the pathogenesis of eCCA and identify novel therapeutic targets for this disease.

Methods: The Pten gene was genetically deleted using the Cre-loxp system in biliary epithelial cells.

Aberrant expression of UBE2C in endometrial cancer and its correlation to epithelial mesenchymal transition.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C), its overexpression promotes tumor progression, is a key component of the ubiquitin conjugating proteasome complex. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which is lost epithelial features and gained mesenchymal features in some epithelial cancers, is involved in epithelial cancers' invasiveness and metastasis. The aim of this study is to detect the expression of UBE2C, WNT5α, and E-cad in endometrial cancer (EC) and their clinical significance.

Menetrier's disease and differential diagnosis: A case report.

Background: Gastric mucosal hypertrophy, also known as Menetrier's disease (MD), is more common in men over 50 years of age, and the cause is unknown. The symptoms of the disease are atypical, mostly accompanied by hypoproteinemia and edema, and sometimes accompanied by symptoms such as epigastric pain, weight loss, and diarrhea. Most experts believe that the site of the disease is mainly located in the fundus of the stomach and the body of the stomach.

Apatinib combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with subglottic small cell carcinoma: a case report.

Subglottic small cell carcinoma (SSMCC) is a rare type of neoplasm, meaning that laryngeal cancer guidelines in several countries, including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, do not include treatment principles for SSMCC. Angiogenesis is an established factor in tumor initiation, growth, and dissemination. Apatinib mesylate, an orally administered drug, is a novel inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, a key mediator of angiogenesis, and has been shown to be safe and efficacious in the treatment of certain types of malignant tumors.

Expression of Formin-like 2 and cortactin in gallbladder adenocarcinoma and their clinical significance.

Objective: To investigate the expressions of Formin-like 2 (FMNL2) and Cortactin (CTTN) in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBAC) and their associations with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients.

Methods: The expressions of FMNL2 and CTTN were detected with immunohistochemistry (Max Vision) in 105 GBAC tissues and 40 normal gallbladder tissues.

Results: The positive expression rates of FMNL2 and CTTN in normal gallbladder tissues were 25% and 20%, different from the positive expression rates of 84.

FOXM 1 induces Vasculogenic mimicry in esophageal cancer through β-catenin /Tcf4 signaling.

Objective: To investigate the role of FOXM1, β-catenin and TCF4 in esophageal cancer (EC) and their relationship to VM (Vasculogenic Mimicry).

Methods: CCK-8 were performed to examine EC cell proliferation in FOXM1 silenced cells. EC cell migration and invasion were investigated through wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively.

Aberrant expression of MYH9 and E-cadherin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their relationship to vasculogenic mimicry.

Purpose: To investigate whether vasculogenic mimicry (VM) exists in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to elucidate the relationship among expression of MYH9, E-cadherin and VM.

Methods: The expression of MYH9 (non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9), E-cadherin protein and VM in 120 specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 120 specimens of normal esophageal mucosa were detected by using immunohistochemical and histochemical staining.

Results: VM channels were identified in 58 (48.

Evaluation of the correlativity of gender determining region Y-box 4, N-cadherin, CD44 and E-cadherin expression in the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: SOX4 is highly expressed in many different tumor types, and SOX4 has been reported in the literature to participate in tumor proliferation, damaging and movement by leading Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancer vital cells and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition have been repeatedly confirmed to participate during the proliferation, damaging and movement of cancer. This research examined the association of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-related molecules E-cadherin, N-cadherin, CD44, and SOX4 in the ESCC and aimed for providing inspiration for clinical treatment as well as to indicate a new direction for detecting invasion and forecasting the prospect of affected role using ESCC.

Inhibition of KiSS-1 on metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma implant tumor in nude mice.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a kind of head-neck malignant neoplasm originated from the nasopharyngeal epithelium and is mainly prevalent in Southern China and Southeast Asia countries. KiSS-1 is an inhibitor of tumor metastasis in a range of cancers.

Methods: We establish a cell substrain of SUNE-1-5-8F (NPC cell line from humans) that trsnfected with lentiviral vectors carried with KiSS-1 gene and were selected by puromycin.

[Expressions of ΔNp63α, DPC4/Smad4 and P21 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma an their clinical significance].

Objective: To investigate the expressions of ΔNp63, DPC4/Smad4 and P21 in cervical squamous cell carcinomas and explore their implications in tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis of the malignancy.

Methods: The expressions of ΔNp63, DPC4/Smad4 and P21 were examined with immunohistochemistry in 100 specimens of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 40 specimens of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 40 specimens of normal cervical tissues to explore their associations with the occurrence, progression and prognosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Results: The expressions of ΔNp63 and DPC4/Smad4 decreased and P21 expression increased significantly in the order of normal cervical tissue, CIN and cervical squamous cell carcinoma ( < 0.

The expressions of CD133, ALDH1, and vasculogenic mimicry in osteosarcoma and their clinical significance.

Background And Purpose: Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, which is more likely to recur and metastasize at the early stages. Cancer stem cells (CSC, CD133 is a biomarker of cancer stem cells), angiogenesis, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) are closely related to tumor metastasis and recurrence. In this study, we investigated the associations among CD133, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), and VM in osteosarcoma, and their associations with clinical characteristics.

Value of CagA, HER2, ALDH1, and KiSS-1 in predicting metastasis and prognosis for gastric adenocarcinoma.

Background: Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), is able to translocate into gastric epithelial cells. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (also named as HER2, is a proto-oncogene which can encode a transmembrane receptor), Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1, a biomarker of cancer stem cells), and KiSS-1 (a suppressor gene of cancer metastasis) are all valuably predictive biomarkers for various human cancers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations among CagA, HER2, ALDH1, and KiSS-1 in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), and their respective associations with clinical characteristics and survival in GAC.

Associations of MACC1, AGR2, and KAI1 expression with the metastasis and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1, was firstly found in colon cancer and associated metastasis and prognosis in various cancers), anterior gradient 2 (AGR2, was considered as a valuable prognostic factor for some cancers), and Kangai 1 (KAI1, was a tumor metastasis suppressor gene) are all related to metastasis and prognosis of many cancers. However, the associations of MACC1, AGR2, and KAI1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed associations among MACC1, AGR2, and KAI1 in HNSCC, and their respective associations with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival (OS) in HNSCC.

Expression of LGR5 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation to vasculogenic mimicry.

Background: LGR5, also named as GPR49, is considered as a biomarker of cancer stem cells which have been responsible for the initiation, progression, metastasis, and recurrence of cancers. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) which defines the formation of fluid-conducting tubes by highly progressive and genetically dysregulated cancer cells has been considered as useful biomarker for metastasis and prognosis in various cancers. In this study, we analyzed associations between LGR5 and VM in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and their association with clinicopathological characters in OSCC.

Over-expression of Thrombospondin 4 correlates with loss of miR-142 and contributes to migration and vascular invasion of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy found worldwide and is associated with a high incidence of metastasis and vascular invasion. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underlie HCC tumorigenesis and progression is necessary for the development of novel therapeutics. By analyzing the Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) dataset, we identified Thrombospondin 4 (THBS4) is significantly overexpressed in HCC samples and is correlated with prognosis.

[Expressions of Slug, ZEB1 and KISS-1 in gastric adenocarcinoma and their clinical significance].

Objective: To identify potential markers for predicting invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC).

Methods: The expressions of Slug, ZEB1 and KISS-1 were detected immunohistochemically in 261 GAC tissues and 80 normal gastric tissues.

Results: The positivity rates of Slug, ZEB1, and KISS-1 in gastric tissues were 2.

[Expressions of Snail, Slug and KAI1 proteins in cervical carcinoma and their clinicopathological significance].

Objective: To explore the expression of Snail and Slug in primary cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and their relationship with KAI1 expression.

Methods: The expressions of Snail, Slug, and KAI1 proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry in 154 specimens of CSCC tissues, 50 specimens of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN), and 40 specimens of normal cervical tissues.

Results: The positivity rates of Snail, Slug, and KAI1 expression were 0%, 2.

[T Cell Factor 4, beta-catenin and SFRP1 Expression of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Carcinoma and the Prognosis].

Abnormal activation of Wnt signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence of tumor, and T cell factor 4 (Tcf4 ) and beta-catenin are important signal transmission factors of this pathway. The aim of the present study is to explore the significance and correlation between expression of Tcf4, beta-catenin and secreted frizzled related protein 1(SFRP1), suppressor gene of Wnt signaling pathway, in colorectal carcinoma and their correlations to the clinicopathological factors. The expressions of Tcf4, beta-catenin and SFRP1 were performed with immunohistochemistry staining in 97 cases of primary colorectal carcinoma and 40 cases of normal colorectal mucosa tissues.

[Expression of Tcf-4, MMP7 and Survivin in Colorectal Cancer and Its Clinical Significance].

Objective: To explore the clinical and pathological significance and correlations among the xpressions of Tcf-4, MMP7 and survivin in colorectal cancer.

Methods: The expressions of Tcf-4, MMP7 and survivin mRNA in tumor tissues and adjacent normal mucosa from 50 colorectal cancer patients were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The expressed proteins of Tcf-4, MMP7 and survivin were measured using mmunohistochemistry staining technique (Elivision) in 100 colorectal cancer samples and 60 normal mucosa tissue samples.

[Expressions of CD133, E-cadherin, and Snail in epithelial ovarian cancer and their clinicopathologic and prognostic implications].

Objective: To explore expressions of CD133, E-cadherin and Snail in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and elucidate their relationship with the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of the patients.

Methods: The expression of CD133, E-cadherin and Snail were detected by immunohistochemical staining in 150 specimens of EOC and 50 specimens of benign ovarian epithelial tumor tissues.

Results: The positivity rates of CD133, E-cadherin and Snail protein in EOC were 58.

Aberrant Expression of Markers of Cancer Stem Cells in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and their Relationship to Vasculogenic Mimicry.

Background: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in Asia, and the majority type is gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Most GAC patients die of recurrence and metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been thought to be responsible for the initiation, development, metastasis, and ultimately recurrence of cancer.

Clinicopathological significance of CD133 and CD44 expression in infiltrating ductal carcinoma and their relationship to angiogenesis.

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide, and the majority type is infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). Most of IDC patients died of metastasis and recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined with the ability to be self-renewal and potentially promote proliferation and formation of tumors.

Clinicopathological study of centrally necrotizing carcinoma of the breast.

Background: Centrally necrotizing carcinoma of the breast (CNC) represents a newly-identified subset of breast cancer. The clinical and pathological characteristics of this breast cancer subtype are not yet completely understood.

Methods: We assessed the clinicopathological characteristics of 73 cases of CNC and 30 control cases of high-grade infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) with focal necrosis based on light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Cerb-B2/HER2, Ki-67, epidermal growth factor receptor, cytokeratin 5/6, smooth muscle actin, S-100 protein, p63 and CD10.

Clinical significance of KAI1/CD82 protein expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to investigate KAI1/CD82 protein expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines and human NPC tissues. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were used to detect the localization and expression levels of the KAI1/CD82 protein in five human NPC cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was also conducted to detect the expression of the KAI1/CD82 protein in 70 NPC tissues and 30 non-neoplastic nasopharyngeal tissues.

[Expression of CD133 and Notch1 in non-small cell lung cancer and the clinicopathological significance].

Objective: To investigate the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore the relationship among the expressions of CD133, Notch1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their relations with the clinicopathological parameters of the patients.

Methods: A total of 305 specimens of NSCLC and 80 normal lung tissue specimens were analyzed for CD133, Notch1, and VEGF protein expressions by immunohistochemical staining.

Results: In NSCLC specimens, the positivity rates of CD133, Notch1, and VEGF were 48.