Procedural Pain Assessment in Infants Without Analgosedation: Comparison of Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation and Skin Conductance Activity - A Pilot Study.

New technologies to measure pain responses, such as heart rate variability and skin conductance hold promise in the development of tools that can be reliable and quantifiable of detecting pain. The main objective of this study was to assess the capability of two monitors i.e.

Newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation for the assessment of analgosedation adequacy in infants treated by mechanical ventilation - a multicenter pilot study.

Introduction: Adequate analgosedation is important in infants treated in pediatric/neonatal intensive care units (P/NICUs), because both too deep and insufficient analgosedation is disadvantageous. To assess the severity of pain, several behavioral and behavioral-physiological scales are used, but their usefulness is limited. It is therefore justified to search for additional methods to assess the adequacy of analgosedation in these patients.

Available Instruments to Assess Pain in Infants.

Pain assessment in newborns and infants is challenging for clinicians. Although behavioral and behavioral-physiological scales are validated pain assessment instruments, their use in this age group has significant limitations. In this review, we summarize the methods currently available for assessing pain in neonates and infants.

Theoretical basis for the use of non-invasive thermal measurements to assess the brain injury in newborns undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.

The aim of this paper is to propose a new non-invasive methodology to estimate thermogenesis in newborns with perinatal asphyxia (PA) undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Metabolic heat production (with respect to either a neonate's body mass or its body surface) is calculated from the newborn's heat balance, estimating all remaining terms of this heat balance utilising results of only non-invasive thermal measurements. The measurement devices work with standard equipment used for therapeutic hypothermia and are equipped with the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), which allows one to record and monitor the course of the therapy remotely (using an internet browser) without disturbing the medical personnel.

Skin conductance measurement for the assessment of analgosedation adequacy in infants treated with mechanical ventilation: A multicenter pilot study.

Background: Patients treated in neonatal/pediatric intensive care units (N/PICUs) are frequently exposed to pain. To assess its severity, several behavioral and behavioral-physiological scales are used, but their usefulness is limited. It is therefore justified to search for additional methods to assess the adequacy of analgesia and sedation in these patients.

Methods for assessing the severity of perinatal asphyxia and early prognostic tools in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia.

Despite the progress in perinatal care, perinatal asphyxia (PA) remains a significant problem in neonatology. The development of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has improved the prognosis, but it still remains uncertain in hypoxic neonates. The evaluation of the severity of ischemia/hypoxia after birth is crucial to the choice of treatment, and with accurate long-term prognosis, appropriate further patient care can be planned.

Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation Index for the Assessment of Procedural Pain in Nonanesthetized Infants: A Multicenter Pilot Study.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of the Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation (NIPE) index to detect the response to nociceptive stimuli in nonanesthetized infants and to compare these results to simultaneous scoring by behavioral scales.

Study Design: Thirty-six nonanesthetized infants admitted to neonatal/pediatric intensive care unit (N/PICUs) were enrolled to the study. Due to faulty records of the data, three patients had to be excluded.

The management of unanticipated difficult airways in children of all age groups in anaesthetic practice - the position paper of an expert panel.

Children form a specific group of patients, as there are significant differences between children and adults in both anatomy and physiology. Difficult airway may be unanticipated or anticipated. Difficulties encountered during intubation may cause hypoxia, hypoxic brain injury and, in extreme situations, may result in the patient's death.

Evidence of a significant vitamin D deficiency among 9-13-year-old Polish children: results of a multicentre study.

Purpose: To evaluate the extent to which the population of Polish preadolescents is vitamin D deficient and to assess seasonal variations in vitamin D status.

Participants And Methods: A total of 720 healthy children aged 9-13 years (409 girls, 311 boys) residing in 6 representative geographical locations in Poland were studied. A parental-assisted questionnaire provided data on nutritional habits, vitamin D supplements and sun exposure.

The assessment of skeletal status in young patients with Turner syndrome by 2 densitometric techniques: Phalangeal quantitative ultrasound and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Background: Studies using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) demonstrate a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents with Turner syndrome (TS). However, these studies do not take into account changes in bone size, which influence BMD in the case of short-statured patients. Phalangeal quantitative ultrasound (phQUS) measurements have shown an ability to reveal changes due to skeletal growth, aging, and bone and mineral disorders.

Quantitative Ultrasound Measurement at the Hand Phalanges Does Not Reveal Skeletal Disturbances in Children With Bronchial Asthma: A Longitudinal Observation.

Objectives: To assess the skeletal status in asthmatic children treated with inhaled corticosteroids in a longitudinal observation by quantitative ultrasound (US) measurement at the hand phalanges.

Methods: Thirty-four children were studied prospectively. Quantitative US measurements were performed at baseline and after a mean ± SD of 2.

Quantitative ultrasound bone measurements in pre-pubertal children with type 1 diabetes.

This case-control study aimed to assess bone status in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Fifty-seven pre-pubertal patients (37 boys, aged 7.9 ± 2.

Assessment of skeletal status by quantitative ultrasound at the hand phalanges in children with bronchial asthma--a pilot study.

The aim of the study was to assess the skeletal status by quantitative ultrasound measurement at hand phalanges in asthmatic children treated with inhaled corticosteroids. Sixty-nine (69) children with a mean age of 10.9 ± 2.

[The assessment of bone status in women with rheumatoid arthritis].

The aim of the study was to evaluate the skeletal status by means of several technics (bone densitometry, radiography, ultrasound) in females with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison with healthy controls. Therefore, the evaluation of the progress of osteoporosis and the assessment of clinical utility of various methods were possible. Dual X-ray absorptiometry measurements were performed at following skeletal sites: spine, proximal femur, forearm.

Quantitative ultrasound measurements at hand phalanges in children and adolescents: a longitudinal study.

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to characterize changes in quantitative ultrasound (QUS) values over a 1-y period in healthy boys and girls aged 7 to 12 y at baseline and assess the relation between the increase in anthropometric parameters and amplitude dependent speed of sound (Ad-SoS). A total of 269 children completed the study (139 girls and 130 boys). Ultrasound measurements were performed with a DBM Sonic 1200 device (IGEA, Carpi, Italy), which measures the Ad-SoS, m/s.

Quantitative ultrasound and peripheral bone densitometry in patients with genetic disorders.

The aim of the study was comparison of quantitative ultrasound and densitometric peripheral measurements in subjects with genetic disorders. The study included 52 subjects (35 boys and 17 girls) in mean age 13.1 +/- 4.

Longitudinal changes in ultrasound measurements: a parallel study in subjects with genetic disorders and healthy controls.

Disturbances in skeletal status in subjects with genetic disorder may increase their fracture risk. The aim of the study was longitudinal observation of phalangeal speed of sound changes across the bone over a period of 2 y in 24 patients (14 boys and 10 girls, mean age 9.63 +/- 1.

Comparison of phalangeal ultrasound and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in healthy male and female adolescents.

The aims of this study were to determine if there is a correlation between dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and phalangeal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in identifying children and adolescents with low bone density, and to assess if body size influences the results of the two techniques to the same degree. Measurements were performed in 67 girls and 83 boys aged 14 to 19 y using DBM Sonic 1200 (IGEA, Carpi, Italy) and the DXA equipment (LUNAR Radiation Corp., Madison, WI, USA).

Skeletal status in adolescents with end-stage renal failure: a longitudinal study.

In a longitudinal study, bone status was assessed in adolescents and young adults aged 15.3+/-3.4 years at the onset of the study with end-stage renal failure (ESRF).

Quantitative ultrasound in the assessment of skeletal status in children and adolescents.

The aim of this study was to provide normative data for quantitative ultrasound (US) through the phalanges and to evaluate the influence of age and body size on Ad-SoS (amplitude-dependent speed-of-sound). Measurements were performed in 1020 healthy Polish children ages 7 to 19 years, using a DBM Sonic 1200 (IGEA, Carpi, Italy). The Ad-SoS increased with age in all studied subjects; in girls from 1926 to 2124 m/s and in boys from 1916 to 2114 m/s.