Discomfort assessment in peripheral angiography: randomized clinical trial of Iodixanol 270 versus Ioversol 320 in diabetics with critical limb ischemia.

Objectives: To assess and compare the intra-arterial injection-associated discomfort of iodinated contrast media (CM) and the impact on diagnostic efficacy in diabetics with critical limb ischemia (CLI).

Background: Arterial revascularization is a mainstay in patients with CLI. Previous diagnostic angiography is a crucial step that can be affected by CM injection discomfort compromising the revascularization results, and it could vary related to the CM agents.

Altered expression of the 100 kDa subunit of the Dictyostelium vacuolar proton pump impairs enzyme assembly, endocytic function and cytosolic pH regulation.

The vacuolar proton pump (V-ATPase) appears to be essential for viability of Dictyostelium cells. To investigate the function of VatM, the 100 kDa transmembrane V-ATPase subunit, we altered its level. By means of homologous recombination, the promoter for the chromosomal vatM gene was replaced with the promoter for the act6 gene, yielding the mutant strain VatMpr.