Analysis of synthetic polymer hydrogel-based generation of leukemia stem cells.

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs), capable of simultaneous self-renewal and differentiation, are resistant to chemotherapy and the cause of relapse in refractory cases of leukemia. As a method to rapidly generate LSCs has not been established, research on LSCs as therapeutic targets has been hampered. Here, we demonstrate that K562 leukemia cells acquired LSC properties with increase in stemness markers such as CD34, Oct3/4, and Nanog and metabolic alterations towards OXPHOS by culturing cells on synthetic polymer hydrogels.

Transformed gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma originating in the colon and developing metachronously after eradication: A case report.

Background: () eradication treatment for primary gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has already been established. However, t (11;18) (q21;q21)/ translocation-positive lesions are a type of primary gastric MALT lymphoma in which a response to eradication treatment is difficult to achieve. In addition, trisomy 18 may be associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) transformation of gastric MALT lymphoma.

Interleukin-6 Immunology in Macrophage Activation Syndrome Related to Neuroimmunological Diseases.

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) involves an excessive amount of acute inflammatory responses to inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 is also strongly associated with the pathophysiology of certain neuroimmunological diseases. However, there have so far been few reports of MAS being accompanied by neuroimmunological diseases.

Clinical outcome, radiological findings, and genetic features of IDH-mutant brainstem glioma in adults.

Background: With the recent advent of genetic testing, IDH-mutant glioma has been found among adult brainstem gliomas. However, the clinical outcome and prognosis of IDH-mutant brainstem gliomas in adults have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcome, radiological findings, and genetic features of adult patients with IDH-mutant diffuse brainstem gliomas.

MRI detection of mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE) on T1WI-CHESS.

Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE) is a recently proposed epileptogenic entity that is difficult to detect on MRI. We present a case of MOGHE that was successfully detected on T1WI-chemical shift-selective saturation (CHESS) MRI. The clinical presentation, MRI including T1WI-CHESS, functional images, and pathology findings of a 14-year-old Japanese girl diagnosed with MOGHE are described.

eradication treatment for primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A single-center analysis.

Background: Unlike the already established effect of () eradication on gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, its therapeutic effect on primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is still unclear.

Aim: To clarify the efficacy of eradication treatment for primary gastric DLBCL.

Methods: We reported on 3 new cases, and added them to 3 previously reported cases.

Fatal case of subdural empyema caused by and .

We report a fatal subdural empyema caused by in a 66-year-old female who developed acute onset of confusion, dysarthria, and paresis in her left extremities. A CT scan showed hypodensity in a crescentic formation with a mild mid-line shift. She had a bruise on her forehead caused by a fall several days before admission, which initially raised subdural hematoma (SDH) diagnosis, and a burr hole procedure was planned.

A Case of Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor With Prominent Myxoid Features.

Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare tumor with low malignant potential that commonly occurs in middle age. Although more than 100 cases have been reported to date, myxoid morphology is not well documented. Here, we present a 75-yr-old woman with abnormal vaginal bleeding, with an 8-cm mass in the uterine corpus detected by irregular, high-intensity signaling on T2-weighted imaging.

Morphological study of the phrenic nerve to determine a reference value for the myelinated fiber density in elderly individuals.

Phrenic nerves (PNs) play an important role in respiration; however, very few morphological studies have assessed them. This study aimed to provide control reference values, including the density of large and small myelinated PN fibers, for future pathological studies. We assessed a total of nine nerves from eight cases among consecutive autopsy cases registered to the Brain Bank for Aging Research between 2018 and 2019 (five men and three women, mean age 77.

Engineering of an electrically charged hydrogel implanted into a traumatic brain injury model for stepwise neuronal tissue reconstruction.

Neural regeneration is extremely difficult to achieve. In traumatic brain injuries, the loss of brain parenchyma volume hinders neural regeneration. In this study, neuronal tissue engineering was performed by using electrically charged hydrogels composed of cationic and anionic monomers in a 1:1 ratio (C1A1 hydrogel), which served as an effective scaffold for the attachment of neural stem cells (NSCs).

Atelocollagen-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation for the repair of large cartilage defects of the knee: Results at three to seven years.

Background: Recently, various types of engineered autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) have been developed. Atelocollagen-associated ACI (A-ACI) is the only ACI procedure covered by Japanese Health Insurance since 2013. The indications of the A-ACI are traumatic cartilage defects and osteochondral dissecans (OCD) for knee joints.

An autopsy case report of adult-onset Krabbe disease: Comparison with an infantile-onset case.

Krabbe disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme, which leads to demyelination of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Almost all patients with Krabbe disease are infants, and this is the first report of adult-onset cases that describe pathological findings. Here, we present two autopsy cases: a 73-year-old female and a 2-year-old male.

Synchronous colon cancer after treatment for rectal follicular lymphoma: A case report.

Colorectal follicular lymphoma (FL) is rare. In addition, it is even rarer that colon cancer develops synchronously with colorectal lymphoma. The present study reports a case of sigmoid colon cancer that developed 6 months after endoscopic resection of rectal FL.

Novel rapid immunohistochemistry using an alternating current electric field identifies Rac and Cdc42 activation in human colon cancer FFPE tissues.

It is important to determine the activation status of Rac and Cdc42 in cancer tissues for the prediction of metastasis and patient prognosis. However, it has been impossible to detect their spatial activation on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) surgical specimens thus far. Here, we established a novel detection technique for activated Rac/Cdc42 in human colon cancer FFPE tissues by using a p21-activated kinase (PAK)-Rac binding domain (RBD) detection probe fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST), designated GST-PAK-RBD, and novel rapid-immunohistochemistry (R-IHC) systems using noncontact alterating-current electric field mixing, although there is a technical limitation in that it may not distinguish between Rac members and Cdc42.

Lewy pathology of the submandibular gland in Lewy body disease: A report of autopsy cases.

Accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein in the central and peripheral nervous systems is a histological hallmark of Lewy body disease (LBD), including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and LB-related pure autonomic failure. The submandibular gland is employed as a biopsy site for detecting Lewy pathology; however, the incidence of Lewy pathology in this region in autopsy-proven LBD cases at all stages from an aged Japanese cohort remains unclear. To validate the utility of Lewy pathology of the submandibular gland as a diagnostic biomarker for LBD, we investigated the submandibular gland Lewy pathology in autopsied patients.