Cd exposure confers β-cypermethrin tolerance in Lymantria dispar by activating the ROS/CnCC signaling pathway-mediated P450 detoxification.

Heavy metal pollutants are important abiotic environmental factors affecting pest habitats. In this study, Cd pre-exposure significantly increased the tolerance of Lymantria dispar larvae to β-cypermethrin, but did not significantly alter their tolerance to λ-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin. The activation of P450 by Cd exposure is the key mechanism that induces insecticide cross-tolerance in L.